Informe Jurídico sobre la Resolución N° 36/2022
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En el transcurso de la última década, la incorporación normativa de la
responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica y el Compliance Penal en distintos
ordenamientos jurídicos son temas que han adquirido relevancia, generando un
amplio debate doctrinal y jurisprudencial. En el caso español, se cumple una
década desde que se sentaron las bases para adoptar estas instituciones en su
sistema penal, lo que ha dado lugar a una relevante producción jurisprudencial.
El presente informe jurídico examina precisamente una de dichas resoluciones.
En ese contexto, el propósito del informe consiste en determinar si el Tribunal
Supremo efectuó una valoración adecuada para la imputación de la
responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica, Auriga Consultoría y Proyectos SL,
en calidad de autora del delito de estafa, en el marco del artículo 31 bis del
Código Penal español. Para ello, se identifican dos cuestiones principales: i)
Determinar qué requisitos deben cumplirse para que las personas jurídicas sean
penalmente responsables en caso de que el delito sea cometido por uno de sus
administradores; y ii) resolver si la empresa habría tenido responsabilidad,
asumiendo que se hubiese implementado un Modelo de Prevención y que el
delito de estafa estuviera contemplado en la Ley N° 30424.
De esta manera, se sostiene que el órgano jurisdiccional no realizó un análisis
idóneo respecto de la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica. No obstante,
la resolución permite mantener un espacio de discusión y profundización en
torno a derecho comparado, especialmente sobre la implementación y eficacia
de los Modelos de Prevención.
Over the course of the last decade, the regulatory incorporation of criminal liability of legal persons and criminal compliance into various legal systems has gained significant relevance, generating extensive doctrinal and jurisprudential debate. In the Spanish context, it has now been ten years since the foundational groundwork for the adoption of these institutions within its criminal system was established, leading to a substantial body of case law. This legal report examines one of such judicial decisions. In this context, the purpose of the report is to determine whether the Supreme Court conducted an adequate assessment for attributing criminal liability to the legal entity, Auriga Consultoría y Proyectos SL, as the perpetrator of the offence of fraud, within the framework of Article 31 bis of the Spanish Criminal Code. To this end, two main issues are addressed: (i) determining the requirements that must be met for legal entities to be held criminally liable when the offence is committed by one of their administrators; and (ii) assessing whether the company would have incurred liability assuming that a Compliance Program had been implemented and that the offence of fraud had been included under Law No. 30424. Accordingly, it is argued that the judicial body did not conduct an adequate analysis regarding the criminal liability of the legal entity. Nevertheless, the judgment provides an opportunity to maintain and advance discussion within the sphere of comparative law, particularly concerning the implementation and effectiveness of Compliance Programs.
Over the course of the last decade, the regulatory incorporation of criminal liability of legal persons and criminal compliance into various legal systems has gained significant relevance, generating extensive doctrinal and jurisprudential debate. In the Spanish context, it has now been ten years since the foundational groundwork for the adoption of these institutions within its criminal system was established, leading to a substantial body of case law. This legal report examines one of such judicial decisions. In this context, the purpose of the report is to determine whether the Supreme Court conducted an adequate assessment for attributing criminal liability to the legal entity, Auriga Consultoría y Proyectos SL, as the perpetrator of the offence of fraud, within the framework of Article 31 bis of the Spanish Criminal Code. To this end, two main issues are addressed: (i) determining the requirements that must be met for legal entities to be held criminally liable when the offence is committed by one of their administrators; and (ii) assessing whether the company would have incurred liability assuming that a Compliance Program had been implemented and that the offence of fraud had been included under Law No. 30424. Accordingly, it is argued that the judicial body did not conduct an adequate analysis regarding the criminal liability of the legal entity. Nevertheless, the judgment provides an opportunity to maintain and advance discussion within the sphere of comparative law, particularly concerning the implementation and effectiveness of Compliance Programs.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Delitos--Prevención, Derecho empresarial--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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item.page.review
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