¿Cuál es el bien jurídico protegido por el Art. 202.4 del Código Penal? Implicancias desde el D.Leg. 30076 y su práctica jurídico penal
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Date
2025-01-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El bien jurídico protegido en el artículo 202.4 del Código Penal reviste una
particularidad en su aplicación teórico-práctica, y es que la redacción del tipo
penal ha llevado tradicionalmente a entender que la acción criminal debe recaer
sobre un bien inmueble en posesión; sin embargo al modificarse e incluirse en
el tipo penal la terminología : “quienes tengan derecho a oponerse”, surge la
posibilidad hermenéutica e interpretativa de que el sujeto pasivo sea no
únicamente el posesionario inmediato o mediato del bien, sino aquel que, de
acuerdo con el marco legal, puede sostener un derecho de carácter inmobiliario
o real; en concreto, el propietario.
En esa línea, en la presente investigación se exponen los fundamentos teóricos
generales relacionados con el bien jurídico, a fin de extender la calidad de sujeto
pasivo del delito de usurpación a aquellos sujetos que, sin tener la condición de
posesionario, tienen un derecho de carácter real que les garantiza recurrir a la
vía penal para salvaguardar sus intereses.
Asimismo, se debe señalar que la presente investigación posee naturaleza
dogmática, la cual aspira a contribuir a la construcción de un Estado social de
derecho en el cual los derechos constitucionales sean reconocidos
adecuadamente, dejando de lado interpretaciones restrictivas de la norma que
impidan la eficaz persecución del delito.
The legal asset protected in the 202.4 Article of the Penal Code has a particularity in its theoretical-practical application, and that is the wording of the criminal offense has led to the understanding that the criminal action must fall on real estate in possession; however, when the terminology refers: “those who have to oppose” is modified and included in the criminal offense, the hermeneutical and interpretative possibility arises that the passive subject is not only the immediate or mediate possessor of the property, but also the one who, in accordance with the legal framework, can support a right of a real estate or real nature; specifically, the owner. Along these lines, in this investigation the general theoretical foundations related to the legal good are presented, to extend the quality of passive subject of the usurpation crime to those subjects who, without having the status of possessor, have a right of a nature, real guarantee that they will resort to criminal proceedings to save their interests. Likewise, it should be noted that this research has a dogmatic nature, which aspires to contribute to the construction of a social rule of law state which constitutional rights are adequately recognized, leaving aside restrictive interpretations of the regulation that prevent effective prosecution of crime.
The legal asset protected in the 202.4 Article of the Penal Code has a particularity in its theoretical-practical application, and that is the wording of the criminal offense has led to the understanding that the criminal action must fall on real estate in possession; however, when the terminology refers: “those who have to oppose” is modified and included in the criminal offense, the hermeneutical and interpretative possibility arises that the passive subject is not only the immediate or mediate possessor of the property, but also the one who, in accordance with the legal framework, can support a right of a real estate or real nature; specifically, the owner. Along these lines, in this investigation the general theoretical foundations related to the legal good are presented, to extend the quality of passive subject of the usurpation crime to those subjects who, without having the status of possessor, have a right of a nature, real guarantee that they will resort to criminal proceedings to save their interests. Likewise, it should be noted that this research has a dogmatic nature, which aspires to contribute to the construction of a social rule of law state which constitutional rights are adequately recognized, leaving aside restrictive interpretations of the regulation that prevent effective prosecution of crime.
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Derecho penal--Legislación--Perú, Derecho procesal penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derechos reales--Legislación--Perú, Usurpación (Derecho)--Perú
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