Calidad en las empresas del sector Manufactura en el Perú
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Date
2020-12-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto en los factores de la
Administración de la Calidad Total (TQM) de las empresas del sector manufactura en el Perú
que cuentan con algún Sistema de Gestión de Calidad (SGC) en comparación a las que no. En
la investigación se consideró una población de 3,322 empresas peruanas del sector
manufactura de los rubros de construcción, bebidas, caucho y plástico, impresión,
alimentaria, metalmecánico, papel, y textiles. Tomó como base el estudio de Benzaquen
(2018) formulado con 35 preguntas que miden el nivel de cumplimiento de los nueve factores
de TQM de las empresas del sector manufactura, diferenciando este nivel de cumplimiento
entre las empresas que cuentan con un SGC, respecto a las que no. Se evidenció el estudio
cuantitativo transeccional para identificar la relación de variables con las categorías según el
instrumento definido por Benzaquen (2018).
La investigación confirmó que existe diferencia significativa de niveles de calidad
entre las empresas que cuentan con algún SGC y las que no. Se obtuvo un nivel de calidad de
3.98 para empresas con SGC, es decir están de acuerdo con el desarrollo de los nueve
factores de TQM. Para empresas que no cuentan con un SGC se obtuvo un nivel de 3.47, es
decir hay una tendencia a no desarrollarse los factores de TQM.
La investigación se desarrolló bajo el contexto de la declaratoria del Estado de
Emergencia Nacional mediante el Decreto Supremo N° 044-2020-PCM promulgada el 15 de
marzo del 2020 (Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros [PCM], 2020). Afectando la
posibilidad de obtener respuestas a las encuestas enviadas a los directivos del sector
manufactura debido a que su enfoque estuvo orientado en asegurar la continuidad de sus
operaciones. Por ello, se registró una muestra de 113 encuestas válidas que fueron analizadas
y estudiadas con un margen de error de 9% y un nivel de confianza del 95%
The purpose of this study had to determine the impact on Total Quality Management (TQM) factors of companies in the manufacturing sector in Peru that have some kind of Quality Management System (QMS) compared to those that do not. The research considered a population of 3,322 Peruvian companies in the manufacturing sector of construction, beverages, rubber and plastic, printing, food, mechanical metal, paper, and textiles. It was based on the Benzaquen study (2018) formulated with 35 questions that measure the level of compliance of the nine TQM factors of the companies of the manufacturing sector, differentiating this level of compliance among the companies that have a GSC, with respect to those that do not. A quantitative correlation study was conducted to identify the relationship between variables and categories according to the instrument defined by Benzaquen (2018). The research confirmed that there is a significant difference in quality levels between companies that have some GSC and those that do not. A quality level of 3.98 was obtained for companies with QMS, that is, they agree with the development of the nine factors of TQM. A level of 3.47 was obtained for companies that do not have a QMS, in other works, there is a tendency not to develop the TQM factors. The research was carried out in the context of the declaration of the State of National Emergency by Supreme Decree No. 044-2020-PCM, promulgated on March 15, 2020 (Presidency of the Council of Ministers [PCM], 2020). It affected the possibility of obtaining responses to surveys sent to manufacturing sector executives because their focus was on ensuring the continuity of their operations. Therefore, a sample of 113 valid surveys was recorded and analyzed with a margin of error of 9% and a confidence level of 95%
The purpose of this study had to determine the impact on Total Quality Management (TQM) factors of companies in the manufacturing sector in Peru that have some kind of Quality Management System (QMS) compared to those that do not. The research considered a population of 3,322 Peruvian companies in the manufacturing sector of construction, beverages, rubber and plastic, printing, food, mechanical metal, paper, and textiles. It was based on the Benzaquen study (2018) formulated with 35 questions that measure the level of compliance of the nine TQM factors of the companies of the manufacturing sector, differentiating this level of compliance among the companies that have a GSC, with respect to those that do not. A quantitative correlation study was conducted to identify the relationship between variables and categories according to the instrument defined by Benzaquen (2018). The research confirmed that there is a significant difference in quality levels between companies that have some GSC and those that do not. A quality level of 3.98 was obtained for companies with QMS, that is, they agree with the development of the nine factors of TQM. A level of 3.47 was obtained for companies that do not have a QMS, in other works, there is a tendency not to develop the TQM factors. The research was carried out in the context of the declaration of the State of National Emergency by Supreme Decree No. 044-2020-PCM, promulgated on March 15, 2020 (Presidency of the Council of Ministers [PCM], 2020). It affected the possibility of obtaining responses to surveys sent to manufacturing sector executives because their focus was on ensuring the continuity of their operations. Therefore, a sample of 113 valid surveys was recorded and analyzed with a margin of error of 9% and a confidence level of 95%
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Keywords
Calidad total, Industrias manufactureras--Investigaciones
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