Caracterización y análisis de la cualidad traumática de las “Narrativas relacionales de violencia” identificadas en la primera fase de un proceso de psicoterapia dinámica interpersonal breve
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Date
2025-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación, de carácter exploratorio, usa un diseño de caso único
con el objetivo principal de identificar y caracterizar las narrativas que la consultante, una
víctima de violencia de pareja (IPV), va construyendo en el diálogo con su terapeuta
durante la primera fase de un proceso de Psicoterapia dinámica interpersonal breve -DIT-
(Lemma et al., 2011). Se identificaron 15 “Narrativas relacionales de violencia” (NRV)
organizadas alrededor de episodios relacionales (Luborsky, 1998) previamente
delimitados en el material. A estas narrativas se les aplicó el Sistema de Codificación y
Evaluación para Narrativas del Trauma – CASNOT (Fernández-Lansac & Crespo, 2017),
un instrumento que analiza características formales y de contenido en textos y audios,
asociándolas a procesos psicológicos como afectos, memoria y sintomatología
postraumática.
Respondiendo a los objetivos específicos, en primer lugar se comprobó la
aplicabilidad del CASNOT en un contexto de psicoterapia y culturalmente distinto. En
segundo lugar, se valoró la cualidad traumática de las NRV, contrastándolas con los
criterios diagnósticos del trastorno de estrés postraumático del DSM-V (APA-2013). Se
identificaron tres narrativas asociadas a sintomatología. Usando pruebas estadísticas,
estas se compararon con las otras doce en todas las dimensiones y categorías del
instrumento. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las áreas “Riqueza de detalles”,
“Procesos sensoriales/perceptuales” (cualidad inmersiva), “Consistencia del recuerdo”
(fácilmente evocables a voluntad) y “Otros aspectos”, puntuando más alto las NRV
asociadas a sintomatología traumática. Asimismo, se encontró que son tan orientadas y
coherentes como las demás narrativas, todo lo cual se condice con la teoría de los
mecanismos básicos de la memoria que proponen las autoras del instrumento.
Los resultados obtenidos mediante el CASNOT respecto a la subjetividad de la
consultante coinciden con las observaciones clínicas del terapeuta expresadas en su
planteamiento del foco afectivo interpersonal (FAI), lo que sugiere la utilidad del
instrumento en el área de Investigación en Psicoterapia. Por otro lado, se encontró
diferencias entre las NRV y los “relatos negativos” del estudio español, lo que estaría
asociado a factores culturales, idiosincrásicos de la consultante y/o a posibles limitaciones
del presente trabajo.
The present exploratory research employs a single case design with the primary aim of identifying and characterizing the narratives constructed by the client, a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV), in dialogue with her therapist during the initial phase of a Brief Interpersonal Dynamic Psychotherapy (DIT) process (Lemma et al., 2011). Fifteen "Relational Violence Narratives" (RVN) were identified, organized around relational episodes (Luborsky, 1998) previously delimited in the material. The Coding and Assessment System for Trauma Narratives - CASNOT (Fernández-Lansac & Crespo, 2017) was applied to these narratives. This instrument analyzes formal and contentrelated characteristics in texts and audios, associating them with psychological processes such as emotions, memory, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Addressing specific objectives, firstly, the applicability of CASNOT in a psychotherapeutic and culturally distinct context was verified. Secondly, the traumatic quality of the RVNs was assessed by contrasting them with diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder from DSM-5 (APA-2013). Three narratives associated with symptomatology were identified. Using statistical tests, these were compared with the other twelve narratives across all dimensions and categories of the instrument. Significant differences were found in the areas of "Detail Richness," "Sensory/Perceptual Processes" (immersive quality), "Memory Consistency" (easily evoked at will), and "Other aspects," with higher scores for RVNs associated with traumatic symptomatology. Furthermore, it was found that these narratives are equally organized and coherent as the other narratives, in line with the basic memory mechanisms theory proposed by the instrument's authors. The results obtained through CASNOT concerning the client's subjectivity align with the therapist's clinical observations expressed on the affective interpersonal focus (IAF), suggesting the instrument's relevance in the field of psychotherapy research. Differences were found between the RVNs and the "Negative Narratives" from the Spanish study, possibly related to cultural factors, client-specific idiosyncrasies, and/or potential limitations of the current work.
The present exploratory research employs a single case design with the primary aim of identifying and characterizing the narratives constructed by the client, a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV), in dialogue with her therapist during the initial phase of a Brief Interpersonal Dynamic Psychotherapy (DIT) process (Lemma et al., 2011). Fifteen "Relational Violence Narratives" (RVN) were identified, organized around relational episodes (Luborsky, 1998) previously delimited in the material. The Coding and Assessment System for Trauma Narratives - CASNOT (Fernández-Lansac & Crespo, 2017) was applied to these narratives. This instrument analyzes formal and contentrelated characteristics in texts and audios, associating them with psychological processes such as emotions, memory, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Addressing specific objectives, firstly, the applicability of CASNOT in a psychotherapeutic and culturally distinct context was verified. Secondly, the traumatic quality of the RVNs was assessed by contrasting them with diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder from DSM-5 (APA-2013). Three narratives associated with symptomatology were identified. Using statistical tests, these were compared with the other twelve narratives across all dimensions and categories of the instrument. Significant differences were found in the areas of "Detail Richness," "Sensory/Perceptual Processes" (immersive quality), "Memory Consistency" (easily evoked at will), and "Other aspects," with higher scores for RVNs associated with traumatic symptomatology. Furthermore, it was found that these narratives are equally organized and coherent as the other narratives, in line with the basic memory mechanisms theory proposed by the instrument's authors. The results obtained through CASNOT concerning the client's subjectivity align with the therapist's clinical observations expressed on the affective interpersonal focus (IAF), suggesting the instrument's relevance in the field of psychotherapy research. Differences were found between the RVNs and the "Negative Narratives" from the Spanish study, possibly related to cultural factors, client-specific idiosyncrasies, and/or potential limitations of the current work.
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Psicoterapia dinámica, Trauma psíquico, Violencia contra la mujer--Aspectos psicológicos
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