Empoderamiento de mujeres rurales andinas para la gestión social del agua en la provincia de Melgar, Puno
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El cambio climático es el gran desafío del siglo. Sus efectos incrementan las condiciones
de desigualdad en las que viven poblaciones vulnerables como las asentadas en las
zonas altoandinas del país. La vulnerabilidad se agudiza más en el caso de las mujeres
rurales andinas, quienes sufren mayor impacto del cambio climático, debido a sequías
cada vez más prolongadas, derretimiento constante de glaciares, degradación de
ecosistemas, y sobre todo por la falta de agua. Pese a que son las principales usuarias
del agua, su participación en la gestión del agua y en la toma de decisiones no es
reconocida ni valorada por las políticas públicas.
Para enfrentar este desafío, nueve (9) organizaciones de mujeres de las provincias de
Melgar, Azángaro y Lampa, en Puno, junto al Centro de Capacitación Campesina de
Puno (CCCP), desarrollaron el proyecto “Mujeres y territorios andinos” que buscó
conservar la agrobiodiversidad de la zona, poniendo énfasis en la gestión del agua a
nivel local, mediante la incidencia de mujeres organizadas para generar políticas
públicas que garanticen medios de vida sostenibles.
Dicho proyecto fue financiado por el Programa de Pequeñas Donaciones (PPD) del
Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (GEF, por sus siglas en inglés), que implementa
el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) en coordinación con el
Ministerio del Ambiente (MINAM) durante los años 2019 y 2021, constituyéndose en una
experiencia inspiradora de gestión del agua con enfoque de género en los Andes. El
proyecto contribuyó al fortalecimiento de las mujeres en torno a la gestión del agua con
alto potencial replicable en zonas rurales andinas como Melgar.
Por ello, en esta investigación decidimos explorar los factores que contribuyeron al
empoderamiento de las mujeres de la provincia de Melgar para la gestión social del
agua. En ese sentido, se tomó como muestra cinco (5) mujeres participantes del
proyecto (ver gráfico N°19). Esta investigación tiene un carácter cualitativo, y resulta
relevante considerando la creciente crisis hídrica que se vive en la provincia, la cual
requiere soluciones urgentes que integren las visiones de futuro y bienestar por parte
de las comunidades de la zona, sobre todo las mujeres, por su gran capacidad para
aportar al desarrollo sostenible.
Como parte de las conclusiones, las mujeres rurales de Melgar han demostrado tener
capacidades para ejecutar iniciativas de acción colectiva, organizada y comprometida
basadas en saberes ancestrales, como acertada medida de adaptación frente a la crisis
climática y a la reducción de desigualdades; sin embargo, la pertinencia cultural y el
enfoque de género implementados en instrumentos de gestión continúan pendiente para
un mejor impacto en las políticas públicas. Asimismo, se ha comprobado también que
el tejido social organizado del territorio de Melgar es un componente relevante para la
implementación de acciones ligadas con la gestión de los recursos naturales de manera
sostenible desde la Gerencia Social.
Con la presente investigación, se recomienda fortalecer el tejido social para contribuir a
una mejor gestión del agua mediante la ampliación de iniciativas de monitoreo
comunitario del recurso con la participación de mujeres, y como parte de planes de
desarrollo concertado con enfoque territorial. En esa línea, se espera registrar los
saberes ancestrales como parte del acervo cultural de información y conocimiento del
país, así como impulsar la incorporación de saberes ancestrales y transversalización de
la gestión del agua en los planes e instrumentos de gestión relacionados a recursos
naturales, seguridad alimentaria y crisis climática.
Los resultados de la investigación permiten comprender de mejor manera el rol de las
mujeres andinas en la gestión del agua y puede contribuir a nutrir políticas, planes,
iniciativas o investigaciones relacionadas con el tema. Asimismo, la investigación
contribuye a comprender la relevancia de la participación social en la gestión de los
recursos naturales, aportando al quehacer de la Gerencia Social. Bajo esta lógica, se
busca sumar al fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas en el país, reforzando la
importancia de la participación de base comunitaria en la creación de soluciones para la
gestión del agua. Adicionalmente, esta investigación explora el importante rol de las
mujeres de Melgar como agentes de cambio para sus comunidades, reforzando el
modelo de Gerencia Social que pone como centro a las personas. Así, con su
participación, la del propio Estado y otras organizaciones se espera aportar al desarrollo
territorial de la provincia.
Además, en un contexto de crisis hídrica, exacerbado por el cambio climático, los
resultados de esta investigación pueden aportar a la gobernanza del agua con enfoque
territorial. Se trata de apuntar a cambios transformadores considerando como eje central
la igualdad e inclusión.
Climate change is the great challenge of the century. Its impact is increasing the conditions of inequality in which vulnerable populations live, such as the ones settled in the high Andean areas of the country. Vulnerability is even more critical for rural Andean women, who suffer the greatest impact of climate change, due to increasingly prolonged droughts, constant melting of glaciers, ecosystem degradation, and especially the lack of water. Even though they are the primary users of water, their input in water management and decision making is neither recognized nor valued regarding public policies. To address this challenge, nine (9) organizations led by women from the provinces of Melgar, Azángaro and Lampa in Puno, together with the Centro de Capacitación Campesina de Puno (CCCP), launched the project "Mujeres y territorios andinos" (Women and Andean territories), which focused on conserving the agrobiodiversity of the area, with emphasis on water management at the local level, through the advocacy of organized women to promote public policies that guarantee sustainable livelihoods. This project was financed by the Small Grants Program (SGP) of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which is implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in coordination with the Ministry of the Environment of Peru (MINAM) during 2019 and 2021. This initiative has become an inspiring experience of water management with a gender approach in the Andes. The project contributed to the empowerment of women in water management with a high potential to be replicated in rural Andean areas such as Melgar. Therefore, in this research we decided to explore the key factors that contributed to the empowerment of women in the province of Melgar regarding the social management of water. In this respect, we selected a sample of five (5) women who participated in the project (see graph No. 19). This research is qualitative in nature and is relevant considering the escalating water crisis in the province, which requires urgent solutions that integrate the visions of the future and wellbeing of the communities in the area, especially of women, due to their great capacity to contribute to sustainable development. Part of the conclusions is that the rural women of Melgar have demonstrated their capacity to implement initiatives of collective, organized and committed action based on ancestral knowledge, as a successful adaptation measure in the face of the climate crisis and the reduction of inequalities; however, the cultural relevance and gender approach implemented in management strategies are still outstanding to have a better impact on public policies. Likewise, it has also been proven that the organized social fabric of the territory of Melgar is a relevant component for the implementation of actions related to the management of natural resources in a sustainable manner from the Social Management perspective. From this research, our recommendation is to strengthen the social fabric to contribute to better water management through the expansion of community monitoring initiatives of the resource with the participation of women, and as part of coordinated development plans with a territorial approach. Along these lines, we expect to document ancestral knowledge as part of the country's cultural heritage, as well as to promote the incorporation of ancestral and transversal knowledge of water management in plans and instruments of management related to natural resources, food security and the climate crisis. The research results provide a better understanding of the role of Andean women in water management and can contribute to support policies, plans, initiatives, or research related to the topic. Moreover, the research contributes to understand the relevance of social participation in the management of natural resources, thereby contributing to the role of Social Management. Under this logic, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of public policies in the country, reinforcing the importance of community-based participation in the creation of solutions for water management. Additionally, this research explores the important role of the women of Melgar as agents of change for their communities, reinforcing the Social Management model that focuses on people. Therefore, with their participation, as well as that of the government and other organizations, it is expected to contribute to the territorial development of Melgar. Additionally, in a context of water crisis, exacerbated by climate change, the results of this research can contribute to water governance with a territorial approach. The idea is to aim at changes that are transformative, considering equality and inclusion as a central axis.
Climate change is the great challenge of the century. Its impact is increasing the conditions of inequality in which vulnerable populations live, such as the ones settled in the high Andean areas of the country. Vulnerability is even more critical for rural Andean women, who suffer the greatest impact of climate change, due to increasingly prolonged droughts, constant melting of glaciers, ecosystem degradation, and especially the lack of water. Even though they are the primary users of water, their input in water management and decision making is neither recognized nor valued regarding public policies. To address this challenge, nine (9) organizations led by women from the provinces of Melgar, Azángaro and Lampa in Puno, together with the Centro de Capacitación Campesina de Puno (CCCP), launched the project "Mujeres y territorios andinos" (Women and Andean territories), which focused on conserving the agrobiodiversity of the area, with emphasis on water management at the local level, through the advocacy of organized women to promote public policies that guarantee sustainable livelihoods. This project was financed by the Small Grants Program (SGP) of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which is implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in coordination with the Ministry of the Environment of Peru (MINAM) during 2019 and 2021. This initiative has become an inspiring experience of water management with a gender approach in the Andes. The project contributed to the empowerment of women in water management with a high potential to be replicated in rural Andean areas such as Melgar. Therefore, in this research we decided to explore the key factors that contributed to the empowerment of women in the province of Melgar regarding the social management of water. In this respect, we selected a sample of five (5) women who participated in the project (see graph No. 19). This research is qualitative in nature and is relevant considering the escalating water crisis in the province, which requires urgent solutions that integrate the visions of the future and wellbeing of the communities in the area, especially of women, due to their great capacity to contribute to sustainable development. Part of the conclusions is that the rural women of Melgar have demonstrated their capacity to implement initiatives of collective, organized and committed action based on ancestral knowledge, as a successful adaptation measure in the face of the climate crisis and the reduction of inequalities; however, the cultural relevance and gender approach implemented in management strategies are still outstanding to have a better impact on public policies. Likewise, it has also been proven that the organized social fabric of the territory of Melgar is a relevant component for the implementation of actions related to the management of natural resources in a sustainable manner from the Social Management perspective. From this research, our recommendation is to strengthen the social fabric to contribute to better water management through the expansion of community monitoring initiatives of the resource with the participation of women, and as part of coordinated development plans with a territorial approach. Along these lines, we expect to document ancestral knowledge as part of the country's cultural heritage, as well as to promote the incorporation of ancestral and transversal knowledge of water management in plans and instruments of management related to natural resources, food security and the climate crisis. The research results provide a better understanding of the role of Andean women in water management and can contribute to support policies, plans, initiatives, or research related to the topic. Moreover, the research contributes to understand the relevance of social participation in the management of natural resources, thereby contributing to the role of Social Management. Under this logic, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of public policies in the country, reinforcing the importance of community-based participation in the creation of solutions for water management. Additionally, this research explores the important role of the women of Melgar as agents of change for their communities, reinforcing the Social Management model that focuses on people. Therefore, with their participation, as well as that of the government and other organizations, it is expected to contribute to the territorial development of Melgar. Additionally, in a context of water crisis, exacerbated by climate change, the results of this research can contribute to water governance with a territorial approach. The idea is to aim at changes that are transformative, considering equality and inclusion as a central axis.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Cambio climático--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Melgar (Puno : Provincia), Agua--Gestión--Perú--Melgar (Puno : Provincia), Mujeres en el desarrollo rural--Perú--Melgar (Puno : Provincia)
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