Pensión 65, acciones de revaloración y desarrollo de competencias. Análisis de los factores que impiden la participación de los beneficiarios en los distritos de El Alto y Pariñas, en Piura, Perú
Date
2023-01-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación estudia la aplicación del Programa Pensión 65 en la provincia
de Talara, en especial en los distritos de Pariñas y El Alto. El objeto es identificar aquello
que impide la participación de los beneficiarios en las acciones de revaloración y
desarrollo de las competencias de los adultos mayores.
Para este fin, se establecieron tres preguntas relacionadas a la cautela de los derechos
de igualdad, justicia y libertad de los adultos mayores; además, los recursos que se
emplean para el desarrollo del programa Pensión 65; y finalmente, la percepción de los
beneficiarios respecto dicha iniciativa social.
Parte del marco conceptual es el concepto de envejecimiento saludable, entendido como
la capacidad del adulto mayor de mantener su funcionalidad con su entorno,
interactuando de manera positiva con este, en línea con sus intereses y costumbres. Por
otro lado, la atención de calidad es concebida como aquella que involucra no solo los
aspectos físicos del proceso médico (infraestructura, equipos), sino también las
percepciones del paciente. Finalmente, calidad de vida y revaloración en comunidad son
conceptos fundamentales. El primero de ellos grafica el bienestar y satisfacción de las
personas más allá de ámbito material abarcando otros aspectos de superación y
desarrollo personal, lo cual se relaciona con la revaloración positiva que debe realizarse
del adulto mayor.
Durante el curso de la investigación se identificó la relevancia del recurso humano para la
eficiente implementación del Programa, cuyas acciones deberían basarse principalmente
en procesos de articulación, a fin de maximizar los beneficios del Programa.
Esta investigación, que se desarrolló mediante la estrategia metodológica cualitativa,
incluyó el desarrollo de entrevistas, talleres informativos, grupos focales y observación de
campo, administrados a los beneficiarios y no beneficiarios, así como a los trabajadores
de salud, de ambos distritos.
Los principales resultados de nuestra investigación fueron la visibilización y exposición de
la situación de vulnerabilidad física y emocional que afrontan los adultos mayores en los
distritos de El Alto y Pariñas; así como la extensión del periodo laboral de los adultos
V
mayores con alta incidencia de informalidad y/o en oficios mal remunerados. Asimismo,
se identificó la variabilidad de los niveles de autonomía en los adultos mayores, quienes,
si bien asumen responsabilidades dentro del hogar, esto no se traduce en un
empoderamiento frente a la comunidad; por el contrario, existe un creciente aislamiento
de los adultos mayores, ya que no generan interacciones con otros actores de su
entorno.
La aplicación del programa, en los distritos analizados, presenta múltiples deficiencias
vinculadas a los recursos de infraestructura, económicos y humanos. Asimismo, la
estrategia que se emplea para la difusión y sensibilización de los beneficiarios (respecto
de la importancia de los procesos de revaloración y desarrollo continuo) se ejecuta bajo
patrones estándar con nula o escasa adaptación a la realidad de cada zona del país, lo
cual reduce su impacto y afecta su eficiencia.
Las carencias económicas saltantes en la provincia de Talara otorgan una excesiva
relevancia al aspecto económico de Pensión 65, en perjuicio de las acciones orientadas a
una atención articulada a la promoción de los derechos y al reconocimiento del adulto
mayor por sí mismo.
Pensión 65 es una iniciativa que contribuye a la construcción de una sociedad cada vez
más igualitaria y que disminuye las brechas entre los diversos grupos poblacionales. Sin
embargo, queda aún un trabajo pendiente en el crecimiento integral y empoderamiento
del adulto mayor en estado de vulnerabilidad. Se debe reconocer que el fin del programa
no es el suministro de recursos económicos o la atención continua de sus beneficiarios,
sino que estas acciones son pasos para lograr adultos mayores autónomos y en el libre
ejercicio de sus derechos en comunidad.
The present investigation studies the application of the Pensión 65 Program in the province of Talara, especially in the districts of Pariñas and El Alto, in order to identify what prevents the participation of the beneficiaries in the actions of revaluation and development of skills of older adults. To this end, three questions were established related to the caution of the rights of equality, justice and freedom of the elderly, in addition to the resources used for the development of the Pensión 65 program, and finally, the assessment of the beneficiaries regarding said social initiative. Part of the conceptual framework is the concept of healthy aging, understood as the ability of the elderly to maintain their functionality with their environment, interacting positively with it, in line with their interests and customs. On the other hand, quality care is conceived as one that involves not only the physical aspects of the medical process (infrastructure, equipment) but also the patient's perceptions. Finally, the quality of life and revaluation in community, are fundamental concepts, the first of them graphs the wellbeing and satisfaction of people beyond the material sphere, including other aspects of self-improvement and personal development, which combines with the positive revaluation that It must be done by the older adult. During the course of the investigation the relevance of the human resource for the efficient implementation of the Program was identified, whose actions should be based mainly on articulation processes, in order to maximize the benefits of the Program. This research, which was developed through the qualitative methodological strategy, included the development of interviews, information workshops, focus groups and field observation, administered to beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, as well as to health workers, from both districts. Executed the field work, we can indicate among the main results of our investigation the visibility and exposure of the situation of physical and emotional vulnerability faced by older adults in the districts of El Alto and Pariñas; the extension of the working period of older adults with a high incidence of informality and / or in low-paid jobs. Likewise, the variability of the levels of autonomy in older adults was identified, although although they VII assume responsibilities within the home, this does not translate into an empowerment towards the community; On the contrary, there is a growing isolation of older adults who do not generate interactions with other actors in their environment. The very application of the program, in the districts analyzed, presents multiple deficiencies linked to infrastructure, economic, and human resources; also, the strategy used for the dissemination and awareness of the beneficiaries regarding the importance of the processes of revaluation and continuous development, is executed under standard patterns with no or little adaptation to the reality of each area of the country, which reduces its impact and affects its efficiency. The outstanding economic deficiencies in the province of Talara grant excessive relevance to the economic aspect of Pensión 65, to the detriment of actions aimed at articulated care, the promotion of rights and the recognition of the elderly by themselves. Pensión 65 is an initiative that contributes to the construction of an increasingly egalitarian society and that narrows the gaps between the various population groups, however, there is still work pending in the integral growth and empowerment of the elderly in a state of vulnerability. It must be recognized that the purpose of the program is not the provision of economic resources or the continuous care of its beneficiaries, but that these actions are steps to achieve autonomous senior citizens and in the free exercise of their rights in community
The present investigation studies the application of the Pensión 65 Program in the province of Talara, especially in the districts of Pariñas and El Alto, in order to identify what prevents the participation of the beneficiaries in the actions of revaluation and development of skills of older adults. To this end, three questions were established related to the caution of the rights of equality, justice and freedom of the elderly, in addition to the resources used for the development of the Pensión 65 program, and finally, the assessment of the beneficiaries regarding said social initiative. Part of the conceptual framework is the concept of healthy aging, understood as the ability of the elderly to maintain their functionality with their environment, interacting positively with it, in line with their interests and customs. On the other hand, quality care is conceived as one that involves not only the physical aspects of the medical process (infrastructure, equipment) but also the patient's perceptions. Finally, the quality of life and revaluation in community, are fundamental concepts, the first of them graphs the wellbeing and satisfaction of people beyond the material sphere, including other aspects of self-improvement and personal development, which combines with the positive revaluation that It must be done by the older adult. During the course of the investigation the relevance of the human resource for the efficient implementation of the Program was identified, whose actions should be based mainly on articulation processes, in order to maximize the benefits of the Program. This research, which was developed through the qualitative methodological strategy, included the development of interviews, information workshops, focus groups and field observation, administered to beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, as well as to health workers, from both districts. Executed the field work, we can indicate among the main results of our investigation the visibility and exposure of the situation of physical and emotional vulnerability faced by older adults in the districts of El Alto and Pariñas; the extension of the working period of older adults with a high incidence of informality and / or in low-paid jobs. Likewise, the variability of the levels of autonomy in older adults was identified, although although they VII assume responsibilities within the home, this does not translate into an empowerment towards the community; On the contrary, there is a growing isolation of older adults who do not generate interactions with other actors in their environment. The very application of the program, in the districts analyzed, presents multiple deficiencies linked to infrastructure, economic, and human resources; also, the strategy used for the dissemination and awareness of the beneficiaries regarding the importance of the processes of revaluation and continuous development, is executed under standard patterns with no or little adaptation to the reality of each area of the country, which reduces its impact and affects its efficiency. The outstanding economic deficiencies in the province of Talara grant excessive relevance to the economic aspect of Pensión 65, to the detriment of actions aimed at articulated care, the promotion of rights and the recognition of the elderly by themselves. Pensión 65 is an initiative that contributes to the construction of an increasingly egalitarian society and that narrows the gaps between the various population groups, however, there is still work pending in the integral growth and empowerment of the elderly in a state of vulnerability. It must be recognized that the purpose of the program is not the provision of economic resources or the continuous care of its beneficiaries, but that these actions are steps to achieve autonomous senior citizens and in the free exercise of their rights in community
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Pensiones a la vejez--Perú, Asistencia a la vejez--Perú, Ancianos--Política gubernamental--Perú
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