Propuestas para un mejor entendimiento de la naturaleza jurídica y regulación adecuada de la carta fianza en el Perú
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Date
2020-07-03
Authors
Novoa Arias, Roberto Rafael
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
En la presente investigación se profundiza en la regulación (Circular SBS N° B-2101-
2001) y concepciones doctrinarias de lo que es la Carta Fianza, toda vez que al existir
problemáticas en su interpretación y en como se concatenan en forma sistemática las
disposiciones de la Carta Fianza con las del contrato de fianza del Código Civil, es
necesario encontrar los conceptos adecuados de esta figura. Al respecto, proponemos:
(i) acercamientos conceptuales, más adecuados de las características sustanciales de
la Carta Fianza como figura jurídica, (ii) criterios que la normativa puede recoger para
una mejor regulación sin remisiones normativas al Código Civil y, (iii) criterios que nos
permitan proteger mejor a las entidades del Sistema Financiero ante una ejecución
correcta y clara de cartas fianza, considerando que debemos asimilar la Carta Fianza a
las Standby Letters of Credit y no al contrato de fianza. Para esta finalidad, se recurre
una revisión comparada con soft law de la International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) y
recolección de la jurisprudencia pertinente. El resultado de esta investigación y
conclusión principal radica en que la Carta Fianza es un Crédito o Garantía Contingente
más cercano, a las Standby Letters of Credit conforme a la ISP98 de la ICC, por lo que
se recomienda no hacer remisiones normativas al Código Civil, asimilar criterios más
generales pero correctos para esta figura en la regulación bancaria e inclusive, se
sugiere la posibilidad de abandonar el término “Carta Fianza”.
In this research, we have reviewed both banking regulations (SBS Circular N ° B-2101- 2001) and conceptions of what the “Carta Fianza” is, since there are problems in its understanding and systematic interpretation with the rules for the “fianza civil” contract of the Civil Code, deeming necessary to find the appropriate concepts of this figure. In this regard, we propose: (i) conceptual approaches, more appropriate of the substantial characteristics of the “Carta Fianza”, (ii) criteria for better regulation without references to the Civil Code and, (iii) criteria to better protect the banks when correct and clear payment of a “Carta Fianza” is made, considering that we must assimilate this with the Standby Letters of Credit and not to the “fianza civil” contract. A legal analysis is used and contrasted with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), as well as a review of the relevant jurisprudence. The result of this investigation and its main conclusion is that the “Carta Fianza” is an instrument closer to standby letters of credit, (ISP98 of the ICC), so it is recommended not to make references to the Peruvian Civil Code, assimilate more general but correct criteria for this instrument in the banking regulation and it also is suggested a possibility of abandoning the term “Carta Fianza”.
In this research, we have reviewed both banking regulations (SBS Circular N ° B-2101- 2001) and conceptions of what the “Carta Fianza” is, since there are problems in its understanding and systematic interpretation with the rules for the “fianza civil” contract of the Civil Code, deeming necessary to find the appropriate concepts of this figure. In this regard, we propose: (i) conceptual approaches, more appropriate of the substantial characteristics of the “Carta Fianza”, (ii) criteria for better regulation without references to the Civil Code and, (iii) criteria to better protect the banks when correct and clear payment of a “Carta Fianza” is made, considering that we must assimilate this with the Standby Letters of Credit and not to the “fianza civil” contract. A legal analysis is used and contrasted with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), as well as a review of the relevant jurisprudence. The result of this investigation and its main conclusion is that the “Carta Fianza” is an instrument closer to standby letters of credit, (ISP98 of the ICC), so it is recommended not to make references to the Peruvian Civil Code, assimilate more general but correct criteria for this instrument in the banking regulation and it also is suggested a possibility of abandoning the term “Carta Fianza”.
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Derecho bancario--Legislación--Perú, Contratos comerciales--Perú, Fianzas--Perú
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