Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución N° 2709-2023- SUNARP-TR
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Este trabajo analiza la Resolución Nº 2709-2023-SUNARP-TR desde una
perspectiva estrictamente registral, centrándose en dos cuestiones centrales
para el Derecho Registral peruano: en primer lugar, la determinación de cuáles
son los documentos idóneos para acreditar la vacancia del representante inscrito
de una persona jurídica de naturaleza asociativa; y, en segundo lugar, la
legitimación para suscribir la constancia de quórum en una asamblea universal
cuando el presidente inscrito ha fallecido o se encuentra impedido de ejercer el
cargo.
A partir del caso concreto, el estudio examina la vacancia producida por el
fallecimiento del representante inscrito como un hecho jurídico objetivo que debe
ser acreditado mediante documentos públicos, así como los límites que el
ordenamiento impone a la función calificadora del registrador cuando el título
presentado cumple con las exigencias formales previstas por la normativa
vigente. En este contexto, se analiza el valor probatorio de los documentos
públicos conforme al artículo 235 del Código Procesal Civil y se estudia la tacha
sustantiva como un mecanismo de carácter excepcional dentro del
procedimiento registral, cuya aplicación solo resulta legítima ante defectos
insubsanables que afecten la validez del acto.
El análisis se sustenta en las disposiciones del Código Civil, en particular el
artículo 2011, así como en el Reglamento General de los Registros Públicos y
en el Reglamento de Inscripciones del Registro de Personas Jurídicas,
complementados por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Registral. Desde esta base
normativa, se evalúa la función del registro público como instrumento de
seguridad jurídica y de orden institucional, destacando la necesidad de que la
calificación registral se mantenga dentro de un control de legalidad formal y evite
interpretaciones formalistas que, sin respaldo normativo, puedan paralizar el
funcionamiento regular de las personas jurídicas.
Como conclusión central, se sostiene que la partida de defunción emitida por el
Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil constituye un documento
público suficiente para acreditar la vacancia del representante inscrito; que la
tacha sustantiva no puede emplearse para desconocer la eficacia probatoria de
documentos públicos válidamente emitidos ni para introducir exigencias no
previstas por la normativa registral; y que, tratándose de una asamblea universal,
la constancia de quórum puede ser suscrita válidamente por quien haya
presidido efectivamente la sesión, siempre que el acta cumpla con los requisitos
formales exigidos y refleje la concurrencia total de los asociados. De este modo,
la resolución analizada reafirma los límites de la función calificadora y contribuye
a una aplicación coherente, razonable y predecible del Derecho Registral en
materia de personas jurídicas.
This study examines Resolution No. 2709-2023-SUNARP-TR, focusing on two issues of particular relevance to Peruvian Registry Law: (i) the documents that are legally sufficient to prove the vacancy of the registered representative of an associative legal entity, and (ii) the authority to sign the quorum certificate in a universal assembly when the registered president has passed away or is unable to act. Based on the specific case, the paper analyzes vacancy caused by the death of the registered representative as an objective legal fact that must be accredited through public documents, as well as the limits of the registrar’s qualification function when the submitted title complies with the formal requirements established by the legal system. In this context, the study examines the probative value of public documents under the Civil Procedure Code and the role of the substantive objection as an exceptional mechanism within the registry procedure, which may only be applied in the presence of insurmountable defects affecting the validity of the act. The analysis is grounded in the provisions of the Civil Code, the General Regulations of Public Registries, and the Regulations for the Registration of Legal Entities, together with the case law of the Registry Tribunal. From this normative framework, the study evaluates the function of public registries as instruments of legal certainty and institutional continuity, emphasizing that registry qualification must remain within the scope of formal legality and avoid excessive formalism capable of obstructing the regular functioning of legal entities. The main conclusion is that the death certificate issued by the competent public authority constitutes sufficient public evidence to prove the vacancy of the registered representative; that the substantive objection cannot be used to disregard the probative effectiveness of valid public documents or to impose requirements not expressly provided by registry regulations; and that, in the case of a universal assembly, the quorum certificate may be validly signed by the person who effectively presided over the meeting, provided that full attendance is duly reflected in the record. In this manner, the resolution reinforces the limits of the registrar’s qualification powers and contributes to a coherent, predictable, and functional application of Registry Law.
This study examines Resolution No. 2709-2023-SUNARP-TR, focusing on two issues of particular relevance to Peruvian Registry Law: (i) the documents that are legally sufficient to prove the vacancy of the registered representative of an associative legal entity, and (ii) the authority to sign the quorum certificate in a universal assembly when the registered president has passed away or is unable to act. Based on the specific case, the paper analyzes vacancy caused by the death of the registered representative as an objective legal fact that must be accredited through public documents, as well as the limits of the registrar’s qualification function when the submitted title complies with the formal requirements established by the legal system. In this context, the study examines the probative value of public documents under the Civil Procedure Code and the role of the substantive objection as an exceptional mechanism within the registry procedure, which may only be applied in the presence of insurmountable defects affecting the validity of the act. The analysis is grounded in the provisions of the Civil Code, the General Regulations of Public Registries, and the Regulations for the Registration of Legal Entities, together with the case law of the Registry Tribunal. From this normative framework, the study evaluates the function of public registries as instruments of legal certainty and institutional continuity, emphasizing that registry qualification must remain within the scope of formal legality and avoid excessive formalism capable of obstructing the regular functioning of legal entities. The main conclusion is that the death certificate issued by the competent public authority constitutes sufficient public evidence to prove the vacancy of the registered representative; that the substantive objection cannot be used to disregard the probative effectiveness of valid public documents or to impose requirements not expressly provided by registry regulations; and that, in the case of a universal assembly, the quorum certificate may be validly signed by the person who effectively presided over the meeting, provided that full attendance is duly reflected in the record. In this manner, the resolution reinforces the limits of the registrar’s qualification powers and contributes to a coherent, predictable, and functional application of Registry Law.
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Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos (Perú), Derecho registral--Perú, Personas jurídicas--Perú, Muerte--Pruebas y certificación