Implementación de la política sectorial de salud intercultural, relacionada a la salud materna neonatal, en mujeres quechuas de 15 a 49 años, del distrito de Vilcashuamán y Saurama, provincia de Vilcashuamán, departamento de Ayacucho 2018
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Date
2022-02-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación se basa en un estudio de caso que tiene como principal
objetivo conocer cuáles son aquellos factores que no están permitiendo que las
mujeres quechuas de la provincia de Vilcashuamán, específicamente de los
distritos de Saurama y Vilcashuamán, acudan a los centros de salud en el marco
de la implementación de la Política Sectorial de Salud Intercultural.
Esta investigación desarrollada desde un enfoque cualitativo nos permitió conocer
lo siguiente: ¿cómo se está desarrollando la Política Sectorial de Salud
Intercultural?, ¿cuáles son los resultados o avances de su implementación (si es
que se está ejecutando)? y ¿cuáles son las percepciones de las mujeres quechua
hablantes de los distritos de Vilcashuamán y de Saurama? En cuanto a la
atención que vienen recibiendo en los centros de salud, analizaremos si es
pertinente y de calidad, y si el personal de salud es respetuoso de sus
características culturales. Además, consideramos los siguientes enfoques:
derechos humanos, intercultural y género.
Los hallazgos encontrados en la investigación de campo muestran signos
alarmantes en cuanto a la implementación del enfoque intercultural en el sistema
de salud de ambos distritos: infraestructuras deterioradas, el maltrato por parte del
personal de salud hacia las mujeres quechua hablantes, el poco reconocimiento e
interiorización del enfoque intercultural y la importancia de los conocimientos
tradicionales para el cuidado de la salud de las mujeres quechuas. Además, se ha
detectado falta de procesos de capacitación y de sensibilización hacia el personal
de salud para que brinde una adecuada atención, escaso presupuesto para la
implementación de la Política Sectorial de Salud Intercultural, el no
reconocimiento de las parteras tradicionales y de otros sistemas de salud
comunitario y tradicional, entre otros.
En conclusión, podemos afirmar que, en los dos distritos visitados de
Vilcashuamán y Saurama, se observa que, el enfoque intercultural a nivel del
sector salud requiere reingeniería completa a fin de que los profesionales tomen
conciencia de la importancia de la aplicación de una adecuación correcta de la
implementación de un servicio intercultural eficiente, eficaz y con pertinencia.
Así mismo, la Política Sectorial de Salud Intercultural se conoce, pero no se
aplica, porque de acuerdo con la concepción de las profesionales de la salud, esta
se vincula con el limitado recurso humano y logístico que tienen.
Todo ello ha traído como resultado que las mujeres quechuas acudan a los
centros de salud no por voluntad propia, sino por obligación. Por ello, son
temerosas de ser maltratadas por el personal de salud, lo que afecta a su estado
de salud y autoestima; principalmente, vulnera sus derechos.
This research is based on a study case, whose main objective is to find out which factors are not allowing Quechua women from the province of Vilcashuamán, specifically from the districts of Saurama and Vilcashuamán, to visit the health centers in the framework of the implementation of the Sectoral Policy on Intercultural Health. This research, developed from a qualitative approach, allowed us to know the following how the Sectoral Intercultural Health Policy is being developed: what are the results or progress of its implementation (if it is being implemented), what are the perceptions of the Quechua-speaking women of the Vilcashuamán districts and of the Saurama Regarding the care they are receiving in the health centers, we will analyze if it is relevant and of quality, if the health personnel are respectful of their cultural characteristics. We also consider the approaches of human, intercultural and gender rights. The findings found in the field research show alarming signs regarding the implementation of the intercultural approach in the health system of both districts: deteriorated infrastructures, mistreatment by health personnel towards Quechua women; the lack of recognition and internalization of the intercultural approach and the importance of traditional knowledge for the health care of Quechua women. In addition, there has been a lack of training and awareness-raising processes for health personnel to provide adequate care, little budget for the implementation of the Intercultural Health Sectoral Policy, the non-recognition of traditional birth attendants and other systems of care. community and traditional health, among others. In conclusion, we can affirm that, in the two visited districts of Vilcashuamán and Saurama; It is observed that the intercultural approach at the level of the health sector requires complete reengineering, so that professionals become aware of the importance of applying a correct adaptation of the implementation of an efficient, effective and pertinent intercultural service. Likewise, the Sectoral Intercultural Health Policy is known but not applied, because according to the conception of health professionals, it is linked to the limited human and logistic resources that they have. All this has resulted in Quechua women coming to health centers not by their own will, but by obligation, fearful of being mistreated by health personnel, which affects their health status and self-esteem; mainly, it violates their rights.
This research is based on a study case, whose main objective is to find out which factors are not allowing Quechua women from the province of Vilcashuamán, specifically from the districts of Saurama and Vilcashuamán, to visit the health centers in the framework of the implementation of the Sectoral Policy on Intercultural Health. This research, developed from a qualitative approach, allowed us to know the following how the Sectoral Intercultural Health Policy is being developed: what are the results or progress of its implementation (if it is being implemented), what are the perceptions of the Quechua-speaking women of the Vilcashuamán districts and of the Saurama Regarding the care they are receiving in the health centers, we will analyze if it is relevant and of quality, if the health personnel are respectful of their cultural characteristics. We also consider the approaches of human, intercultural and gender rights. The findings found in the field research show alarming signs regarding the implementation of the intercultural approach in the health system of both districts: deteriorated infrastructures, mistreatment by health personnel towards Quechua women; the lack of recognition and internalization of the intercultural approach and the importance of traditional knowledge for the health care of Quechua women. In addition, there has been a lack of training and awareness-raising processes for health personnel to provide adequate care, little budget for the implementation of the Intercultural Health Sectoral Policy, the non-recognition of traditional birth attendants and other systems of care. community and traditional health, among others. In conclusion, we can affirm that, in the two visited districts of Vilcashuamán and Saurama; It is observed that the intercultural approach at the level of the health sector requires complete reengineering, so that professionals become aware of the importance of applying a correct adaptation of the implementation of an efficient, effective and pertinent intercultural service. Likewise, the Sectoral Intercultural Health Policy is known but not applied, because according to the conception of health professionals, it is linked to the limited human and logistic resources that they have. All this has resulted in Quechua women coming to health centers not by their own will, but by obligation, fearful of being mistreated by health personnel, which affects their health status and self-esteem; mainly, it violates their rights.
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Keywords
Salud pública--Política gubernamental--Perú--Ayacucho, Salud pública--Aspectos culturales--Perú--Ayacucho, Salud materno infantil--Perú--Ayacucho
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