La obligación del empleador de adoptar medidas de prevención, tratamiento, atención y apoyo frente al VIH y el sida en el lugar de trabajo
Date
2024-01-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Según el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, los casos de VIH se encontraron en
ascenso hasta el año 2019; la forma de transmisión preponderante es la sexual, y afecta
en gran medida a la población económicamente activa. Además, en las encuestas
relativas a los conocimientos y actitudes de la población en relación al VIH, se deja
entrever que aún existen comportamientos sexuales de riesgo que, sumados a factores
de vulnerabilidad, representan un problema de salud pública que no puede quedar
solamente en manos del Ministerio de Salud por sus repercusiones sociales;
particularmente, en las relaciones laborales, las personas por causa del VIH tienen
dificultades para acceder al empleo y mantenerse en su puesto de trabajo. En ese
contexto, resulta necesario imponer al empleador deberes positivos especiales
consistentes en adoptar medidas para prevenir, tratar, atender y apoyar a los
trabajadores que son vulnerables, viven o son afectados por el VIH, con sus
características y limitaciones; lo que se justifica en el principio-deber de solidaridad. Al
revisar las fuentes del derecho internacional, se ha incluido en la estrategia mundial para
responder al VIH al sector empresarial, mediante instrumentos de soft law. Sin embargo,
en la legislación peruana, existen razones para sostener la existencia y exigibilidad de
tales deberes; aunque se ha identificado una serie de vacíos y falencias para su
aplicación efectiva, que deben ser superados con lo avanzado en el orden interno y los
estándares de protección internacional. A su vez, estos puedan servir para la resolución
de conflictos que generen la aplicación de algunas medidas con los derechos
fundamentales de los trabajadores.
According to the epidemiological surveillance system, HIV cases were found to be on the rise until 2019; the predominant mode of transmission is sexual, and it largely affects the economically active population. In addition, in the surveys related to the knowledge and attitudes of the population in relation to HIV, it is possible to glimpse that there are still risky sexual behaviors that, added to vulnerability factors, represent a public health problem that cannot be left solely in the hands of from the Ministry of Health for its social repercussions; particularly, in labor relations, people due to HIV have difficulties accessing employment and staying in their job. In this context, it is necessary to impose on the employer special positive duties consisting of adopting measures to prevent, treat, care for and support workers who are vulnerable, living with or affected by HIV, with its characteristics and limitations; which is justified in the principle-duty of solidarity. By reviewing the sources of international law, the business sector has been included in the global strategy to respond to HIV, through soft law instruments. However, in Peruvian legislation, there are reasons to support the existence and enforceability of such duties; although a series of gaps and shortcomings have been identified for its effective application, which must be overcome with the progress made in the internal order and international protection standards. In turn, these can be used to resolve conflicts that generate the application of some measures with the fundamental rights of workers.
According to the epidemiological surveillance system, HIV cases were found to be on the rise until 2019; the predominant mode of transmission is sexual, and it largely affects the economically active population. In addition, in the surveys related to the knowledge and attitudes of the population in relation to HIV, it is possible to glimpse that there are still risky sexual behaviors that, added to vulnerability factors, represent a public health problem that cannot be left solely in the hands of from the Ministry of Health for its social repercussions; particularly, in labor relations, people due to HIV have difficulties accessing employment and staying in their job. In this context, it is necessary to impose on the employer special positive duties consisting of adopting measures to prevent, treat, care for and support workers who are vulnerable, living with or affected by HIV, with its characteristics and limitations; which is justified in the principle-duty of solidarity. By reviewing the sources of international law, the business sector has been included in the global strategy to respond to HIV, through soft law instruments. However, in Peruvian legislation, there are reasons to support the existence and enforceability of such duties; although a series of gaps and shortcomings have been identified for its effective application, which must be overcome with the progress made in the internal order and international protection standards. In turn, these can be used to resolve conflicts that generate the application of some measures with the fundamental rights of workers.
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Keywords
SIDA (Enfermedad)--Legislación--Perú, Salud ocupacional--Perú, Discriminación en el trabajo--Perú, Derecho laboral--Legislación--Perú, Relaciones laborales--Perú
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