Informe jurídico sobre Expediente N.º 00228-2009-PA/TC
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Este informe jurídico analiza la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional emitida en
el Expediente N.º 00228-2009-PA/TC, relativa a la denominada operación
acordeón, que consiste en la reducción del capital social a cero seguida de un
aumento inmediato. El objetivo es determinar las condiciones mínimas que
permitan proteger los derechos de los accionistas y, al mismo tiempo, garantizar
la viabilidad de este mecanismo. Para ello, se examina la función económica de
la operación acordeón, la normativa societaria peruana y comparada, y se
contrastan estos aspectos con los fundamentos expuestos en la sentencia.
El análisis crítico se centra en los requisitos de validez establecidos por el
Tribunal Constitucional, como los tests de idoneidad y necesidad, el derecho de
oposición, el derecho de separación con reembolso y la garantía del derecho de
suscripción preferente. Si bien estas exigencias buscan prevenir abusos,
terminan configurando una regulación de facto que excede el marco de la Ley
General de Sociedades, especialmente al sobredimensionar el alcance
constitucional del derecho de suscripción preferente y condicionar la operación
a un reembolso inviable en escenarios de patrimonio neto negativo.
Se concluye que la operación acordeón es constitucionalmente neutra y que el
análisis debe enfocarse en su aplicación concreta, no en la figura abstracta.
Finalmente, se proponen mecanismos societarios y de buen gobierno
corporativo, como información suficiente, oposición, impugnación, separación y
suscripción preferente, para proteger a los accionistas minoritarios, y se
recomienda una futura regulación que establezca límites razonables sin
desnaturalizar la utilidad económica de la operación.
This legal report examines the judgment issued by the Constitutional Court in Case No. 00228-2009-PA/TC, concerning the so-called accordion operation, which consists of reducing the company’s share capital to zero followed by an immediate capital increase. The purpose is to identify the minimum conditions necessary to safeguard shareholders’ rights while ensuring the viability of this mechanism. To that end, the report analyzes the economic function of the accordion operation, the applicable Peruvian and comparative corporate law, and contrasts these aspects with the reasoning set forth in the judgment. The critical analysis focuses on the validity requirements established by the Constitutional Court, such as the suitability and necessity tests, the right of opposition, the right of withdrawal with reimbursement, and the guarantee of the preemptive subscription right. Although these requirements aim to prevent abusive practices, they ultimately create a de facto regulation that exceeds the scope of the General Corporations Law, particularly by overstating the constitutional dimension of the preemptive subscription right and conditioning the operation on a reimbursement that is unfeasible in scenarios of negative net equity. It is concluded that the accordion operation is constitutionally neutral and that the analysis should focus on its practical implementation rather than on the concept in the abstract. Finally, the report proposes corporate and governance mechanisms such as adequate disclosure, opposition, challenge, withdrawal, and preemptive subscription as effective tools to protect minority shareholders, and recommends future legislation that sets reasonable limits without undermining the economic utility of the operation.
This legal report examines the judgment issued by the Constitutional Court in Case No. 00228-2009-PA/TC, concerning the so-called accordion operation, which consists of reducing the company’s share capital to zero followed by an immediate capital increase. The purpose is to identify the minimum conditions necessary to safeguard shareholders’ rights while ensuring the viability of this mechanism. To that end, the report analyzes the economic function of the accordion operation, the applicable Peruvian and comparative corporate law, and contrasts these aspects with the reasoning set forth in the judgment. The critical analysis focuses on the validity requirements established by the Constitutional Court, such as the suitability and necessity tests, the right of opposition, the right of withdrawal with reimbursement, and the guarantee of the preemptive subscription right. Although these requirements aim to prevent abusive practices, they ultimately create a de facto regulation that exceeds the scope of the General Corporations Law, particularly by overstating the constitutional dimension of the preemptive subscription right and conditioning the operation on a reimbursement that is unfeasible in scenarios of negative net equity. It is concluded that the accordion operation is constitutionally neutral and that the analysis should focus on its practical implementation rather than on the concept in the abstract. Finally, the report proposes corporate and governance mechanisms such as adequate disclosure, opposition, challenge, withdrawal, and preemptive subscription as effective tools to protect minority shareholders, and recommends future legislation that sets reasonable limits without undermining the economic utility of the operation.
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Sociedades--Legislación--Perú, Capital social--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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