Estrés parental y funcionamiento familiar en padres de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
Date
2021-06-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio investigó la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y el estrés parental
en padres de niños que han sido diagnosticados con el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e
Hiperactividad que asisten a un Hospital de Salud Mental y a una Asociación de apoyo a
familiares de niños con dicho trastorno. Se contó con la participación de 87 padres de familia
que respondieron a la Escala de Estrés Parental – Versión Corta (PSI-SF), para medir el estrés
parental percibido, creado por Abidin en 1995 y al APGAR – familiar para medir la
percepción del funcionamiento familiar a través de la percepción de apoyo que recibe de su
propia familia realizado por Smilkstein en 1978. Se identificó un alto nivel de estrés parental,
proveniente principalmente de la percepción de los padres respecto al manejo de la conducta
difícil de sus hijos, y de las exigencias que supone su rol de cuidador. Se reportaron mayores
niveles de estrés en los padres con mayor cantidad de hijos, en padres desempleados, en
aquellos que no habían recibido información sobre el diagnóstico, y en los que asistían con
sus hijos a controles médicos. Además, se observó que los padres tenían una baja percepción
del funcionamiento familiar. Los padres de niños que recibían medicación y asistían a
controles médicos reportaban menor funcionamiento familiar. Finalmente, se obtuvo una
relación significativa y negativa entre los puntajes de estrés parental y los puntajes de
funcionamiento familiar, en donde a mayor estrés, menor funcionamiento familiar percibido.
The present study investigated the relation between family functioning and parental stress in parents of children diagnosed with ADHD who attends a Mental Health Hospital and an Association that supports families with children with this diagnosis. 87 parents participated answering the Parental Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-SF) to measure perceived parental stress, created by Abidin (1995), and the Family APGAR to measure the family functioning perception through the perception of support received from family members created by Smilkstein (1978). A high level of parental stress was identified, mainly stemming from the parents’ perception regarding the handling of their children’s difficult behavior, and the demands of their role as caregivers. Higher levels of stress were reported in parents with more children, in unemployed parents, in those who had not receives information about the diagnosis, and in those who attended their children with medical check-ups. In addition, it was observed that the parents had a low perception of family functioning. Parent of children who received medication and attended medical check-ups reported less family functioning. Finally, a significant and negative relationship was obtained between the scores of parental stress and the family functioning, where the higher stress, the less family functioning perceived.
The present study investigated the relation between family functioning and parental stress in parents of children diagnosed with ADHD who attends a Mental Health Hospital and an Association that supports families with children with this diagnosis. 87 parents participated answering the Parental Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-SF) to measure perceived parental stress, created by Abidin (1995), and the Family APGAR to measure the family functioning perception through the perception of support received from family members created by Smilkstein (1978). A high level of parental stress was identified, mainly stemming from the parents’ perception regarding the handling of their children’s difficult behavior, and the demands of their role as caregivers. Higher levels of stress were reported in parents with more children, in unemployed parents, in those who had not receives information about the diagnosis, and in those who attended their children with medical check-ups. In addition, it was observed that the parents had a low perception of family functioning. Parent of children who received medication and attended medical check-ups reported less family functioning. Finally, a significant and negative relationship was obtained between the scores of parental stress and the family functioning, where the higher stress, the less family functioning perceived.
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Keywords
Stress (Psicología), Padres e hijos--Relaciones, Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
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