Análisis del funcionamiento del Centro Infantil de atención integral en la provincia de Ica y precisión de los aspectos claves del Programa en el Desarrollo Integral de los niños menores de tres años a fin de formular propuestas para la optimización de su funcionamiento
Date
2024-02-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación cualitativa, tiene por objetivo describir y analizar las
variables que corresponden a cuatro objetivos:
1. Conocer el funcionamiento del Programa CUNA MÁS del Centro Infantil de
Atención Integral del PPJJ. Nueva Esperanza, y a los actores involucrados.
2. Determinar el registro de avances en el desarrollo infantil de las niñas y
niños menores de 03 años.
3. Identificar los parámetros o marcadores que utilizan en el programa para
registrar los avances del desarrollo infantil.
4. Conocer el nivel de información y conocimiento del personal encargado
sobre los componentes del programa.
Que, a su vez, se asocian variables físicas y psicosociales de una muestra de
niños institucionalizados de 03 años, tanto varones y mujeres, así como sus
padres, familias de la comunidad, comité de gestión, personal de salud y personal
del Programa de CUNA MÁS del distrito Nueva Esperanza de Salas – Guadalupe
- Ica. Con base en consideraciones de la realidad social de dicho grupo, se aplicó
una serie de instrumentos de entrevistas semi estructuradas, entrevistas abiertas,
grupos focales y revisión documentaria.
El programa social CUNA MÁS, con un precedente del Programa Nacional Wawa
Wasi PNWW, ha experimentado cambios con el propósito de aumentar su
eficiencia en cuanto al servicio de atención integral de los niños menores de tres
años, sin embargo, aún existen ciertas deficiencias que no permiten el
cumplimiento cabal de la atención integral a los niños; deficiencias que requieren
ser identificadas y modificadas para una mejor funcionabilidad, que permita lograr
un adecuado servicio, de tal manera que se cumpla eficientemente el principal
objetivo del Programa.
Por ello, esta investigación permite conocer el funcionamiento del Programa, así
determinar las deficiencias del mismo, y mediante los resultados encontrados
ser referentes de nuevos procesos de reflexión de toma de decisiones como
Gerentes Sociales. Así mismo, al analizar el funcionamiento del Centro Infantil de
Atención Integral, permite precisar cómo funcionan determinados aspectos claves
del Programa y su incidencia en el desarrollo integral del niño y niña menor de
tres años, a fin de proponer ajustes necesarios para optimizar el funcionamiento
del programa.
Finalmente, los principales hallazgos encontrados fueron los siguientes:
Existen problemas de gestión interna; deficiencia en la organización del
comité ejecutivo, hechos que se extienden a problemas de corrupción y
falta de responsabilidad sobre los pagos de las madres cuidadoras.
El Centro infantil no cuenta con sistemas de monitoreo sobre el desarrollo
de los infantes. A pesar de que la misión del Centro, no es sólo ofrecer un
lugar seguro donde los niños puedan quedarse mientras sus padres
trabajan. Así mismo, no se han implementado métodos de seguimiento, a
excepción del creado por el MINSA; en el que se mide el peso y la talla de
acuerdo a la edad de los niños.
Existe una valoración y necesidad de la continuidad de funcionamiento del
Centro por parte de los beneficiarios y familias de la comunidad.
This qualitative research has the purpose to describe and analyze the variables in 4 different points: 1. Understand how the Program CUNA MÁS at Centro Infantil de Atención Integral at PPJJ. Nueva Esperanza, how it operates and who are the participants in such. 2. Determine and measure the early child development in the children under 3 years old participating in that program. 3. Identify the parameters and measurements that are utilized in the program to register early child development. 4. Understand the level of literacy and knowledge about the program within the employees in the center. Who also are associated to physical and psychosocial variables un a sample of the children participating at 3 years old, boys and girls, and their parents, other families in the community, the Executive committee, healthcare workers and employees of the program CUNA MÁS in the district of Nueva Esperanza de Salas – Guadalupe - Ica. Applying cultural competency in such a diverse set of people, we applied a variety of instruments, including semi structured interviews, open interviews, focus groups and review of proper documentation. The social program CUNA MÁS, who is precedent to the national program Programa Nacional Wawa Wasi PNWW, has undergone changes with the purpose to expand its efficiency in terms of the comprehensive care service for children under three years of age. However, there are still some deficiencies that do not allow the full compliance in the care of the children, deficiencies that require being identified and modified for a better functionality: that allows an adequate service provided and allow the effective compliance of the principal goal of the Program. For this reason, this thesis allows us to know the operation of the Program, thus determining the deficiencies of the same, and through the results found to become referents of new decision-making processes as Social Managers. In the same way, when analyzing the operation of the Centro Infantil de Atención Integral, it allows to specify how certain key aspects of the Program work and their impact on the integral development of children under the age of three, in order to propose necessary adjustments to optimize the functioning of the program. Lastly, the main findings found were the following: There are internal management problems; deficiency in the organization of the executive committee, these facts extend to problems of corruption and lack of responsibility over the payments of the caregivers. The Children's Center does not have a monitoring system to measure the correct development of infants. Even though the Center's mission is not only to offer a safe place where children can stay while their parents work. In the same way, follow-up methods have not been implemented, except for those created by the Department of Health; in which the weight and height are measured according to the age of the children. There is a value and necesitiy for the continuity of operation of the Center by the beneficiaries and families of the community.
This qualitative research has the purpose to describe and analyze the variables in 4 different points: 1. Understand how the Program CUNA MÁS at Centro Infantil de Atención Integral at PPJJ. Nueva Esperanza, how it operates and who are the participants in such. 2. Determine and measure the early child development in the children under 3 years old participating in that program. 3. Identify the parameters and measurements that are utilized in the program to register early child development. 4. Understand the level of literacy and knowledge about the program within the employees in the center. Who also are associated to physical and psychosocial variables un a sample of the children participating at 3 years old, boys and girls, and their parents, other families in the community, the Executive committee, healthcare workers and employees of the program CUNA MÁS in the district of Nueva Esperanza de Salas – Guadalupe - Ica. Applying cultural competency in such a diverse set of people, we applied a variety of instruments, including semi structured interviews, open interviews, focus groups and review of proper documentation. The social program CUNA MÁS, who is precedent to the national program Programa Nacional Wawa Wasi PNWW, has undergone changes with the purpose to expand its efficiency in terms of the comprehensive care service for children under three years of age. However, there are still some deficiencies that do not allow the full compliance in the care of the children, deficiencies that require being identified and modified for a better functionality: that allows an adequate service provided and allow the effective compliance of the principal goal of the Program. For this reason, this thesis allows us to know the operation of the Program, thus determining the deficiencies of the same, and through the results found to become referents of new decision-making processes as Social Managers. In the same way, when analyzing the operation of the Centro Infantil de Atención Integral, it allows to specify how certain key aspects of the Program work and their impact on the integral development of children under the age of three, in order to propose necessary adjustments to optimize the functioning of the program. Lastly, the main findings found were the following: There are internal management problems; deficiency in the organization of the executive committee, these facts extend to problems of corruption and lack of responsibility over the payments of the caregivers. The Children's Center does not have a monitoring system to measure the correct development of infants. Even though the Center's mission is not only to offer a safe place where children can stay while their parents work. In the same way, follow-up methods have not been implemented, except for those created by the Department of Health; in which the weight and height are measured according to the age of the children. There is a value and necesitiy for the continuity of operation of the Center by the beneficiaries and families of the community.
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Keywords
Niños--Programas sociales--Perú--Ica, Desarrollo infantil--Perú--Ica, Investigaciones evaluativas (Programas de acción social)--Perú--Ica
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