Gestión de la innovación y tecnología en las empresas peruanas del sector Retail
Date
2021-08-18
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La innovación y tecnología son pilares fundamentales para el desarrollo de los
mercados e industrias en todo el mundo, ya que estas variables impactan en el nivel de
competitividad de las empresas y en muchos casos determinan el éxito de los negocios, por
esta razón es fundamental realizar un diagnóstico de las actividades relacionadas a estas
variables para determinar proporcionalmente el nivel de competitividad de las empresas en
sus respectivos sectores. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal
diagnosticar las actividades relacionadas a la innovación y tecnología de las empresas
peruanas del sector retail, siendo este sector elegido por ser uno de los de mayor crecimiento
en el Perú en los últimos años, representando casi el 10% del PBI peruano.
Luego de delimitar el alcance y el marco teórico, se establecieron los parámetros y
metodología de la investigación. La muestra del estudio es conformada por cinco de las
principales empresas del sector retail del Perú, de las cuales por lo menos una pertenece a
cada subsector (tiendas por departamento, supermercados y tiendas para el hogar), el
instrumento a utilizar para la investigación fue una encuesta sobre la innovación en las
empresas elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España, la cual fue adaptada al
contexto de las empresas peruanas.
Se contactó a un representante de cada empresa y se le hizo las preguntas de la
encuesta antes mencionada, las cuales debían ser respondidas en base a la información de sus
empresas durante el periodo 2017 – 2018, en base a dichas respuesta se hicieron los análisis
correspondientes, los cuales se utilizaron para realizar el diagnóstico planteado como objetivo
de esta investigación.
Las actividades relacionadas a la Investigación y Desarrollo (I + D) son un reflejo del
nivel de innovación que las empresas tienen en sus procesos, servicios o productos, por ello la sección de I + D de la encuesta fue una de la más importante para el desarrollo de la
presente investigación.
Como resultado del estudio se puede dar como principales conclusiones que si bien
todas las empresas encuestadas realizan actividades de I + D (investigación y desarrollo), el
80% de las empresas indicó que no cuenta con un área específica de I + D, una de las
principales razones del punto anterior mencionado, es que las empresas tienen la percepción
que el costo de innovar es muy alto, por lo que prefieren adaptar innovaciones ya existentes,
bien sea del mercado local o internacional y ante ello prefieren invertir en traer innovaciones
que ya funcionan en vez invertir en un área de I + D para desarrollar innovaciones propias.
La tendencia de las empresas encuestadas es la de buscar innovaciones para mejorar
sus procesos o productos, pero no en generar productos nuevos, los resultados obtenidos
reflejan que un 80% de las empresas optaron por innovaciones en servicios, sobre todo
usando tecnología ya existente para mejorar la satisfacción de sus clientes y ser más
competitivos en su mercado.
Innovation and technology are fundamental pillars for the development of markets and industries around the world, because these variables impact to the level of competitiveness of companies and in many cases determine the success of businesses, for this reason it is essential to carry out a diagnosis of the activities related to these variables to proportionally determine the level of competitiveness of the companies in their respective sectors. The main objective of this investigation work is to diagnose the activities related to innovation and technology of Peruvian companies in the retail sector, this sector has been chose for being one of the fastest growing up in Peru in the last years, representing almost 10 % of Peruvian PBI. After defining the scope and theoretical framework, the parameters and methodology of the investigation were established. The study sample is made up of 5 of the main companies in the Peruvian retail sector, of which at least one belongs to each subsector (department stores, supermarkets and home stores), the instrument to be used for the investigation was a survey on innovation in companies, prepared by the National Institute of Statistics of Spain, which was adapted to the context of Peruvian companies. One representant of each company was contacted and asked the questions of the survey, which had to be answered based on the information of their companies during the period 2017-2018, based on these responses the corresponding analyzes were made. , which were used to make the diagnosis proposed as the objective of this research. The activities related to Research and Development (R&D) are a reflection of the level of innovation that companies have in their processes, services or products, therefore the R&D section of the survey was one of the most important for the development of the objectives. As a result of the study, we can give as main conclusions that although all the surveyed companies carry out R&D activities (research and development), 80% of the companies indicated that they do not have a specific R&D area, one of the The main reasons for the aforementioned is that companies have the perception that the cost of innovating is very high, so they prefer to adapt existing innovations, either from the local or international market, before this they prefer to invest in bringing innovations that work. in their own R&D area to develop their own innovations. The trend of the surveyed companies is looking for improve their processes or products, but not to generate new products, the results reflect that 80% of the companies opted for innovations in services, especially using existing technology to improve satisfaction of your customers and be more competitive in your market.
Innovation and technology are fundamental pillars for the development of markets and industries around the world, because these variables impact to the level of competitiveness of companies and in many cases determine the success of businesses, for this reason it is essential to carry out a diagnosis of the activities related to these variables to proportionally determine the level of competitiveness of the companies in their respective sectors. The main objective of this investigation work is to diagnose the activities related to innovation and technology of Peruvian companies in the retail sector, this sector has been chose for being one of the fastest growing up in Peru in the last years, representing almost 10 % of Peruvian PBI. After defining the scope and theoretical framework, the parameters and methodology of the investigation were established. The study sample is made up of 5 of the main companies in the Peruvian retail sector, of which at least one belongs to each subsector (department stores, supermarkets and home stores), the instrument to be used for the investigation was a survey on innovation in companies, prepared by the National Institute of Statistics of Spain, which was adapted to the context of Peruvian companies. One representant of each company was contacted and asked the questions of the survey, which had to be answered based on the information of their companies during the period 2017-2018, based on these responses the corresponding analyzes were made. , which were used to make the diagnosis proposed as the objective of this research. The activities related to Research and Development (R&D) are a reflection of the level of innovation that companies have in their processes, services or products, therefore the R&D section of the survey was one of the most important for the development of the objectives. As a result of the study, we can give as main conclusions that although all the surveyed companies carry out R&D activities (research and development), 80% of the companies indicated that they do not have a specific R&D area, one of the The main reasons for the aforementioned is that companies have the perception that the cost of innovating is very high, so they prefer to adapt existing innovations, either from the local or international market, before this they prefer to invest in bringing innovations that work. in their own R&D area to develop their own innovations. The trend of the surveyed companies is looking for improve their processes or products, but not to generate new products, the results reflect that 80% of the companies opted for innovations in services, especially using existing technology to improve satisfaction of your customers and be more competitive in your market.
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Comercio minorista--Perú, Innovaciones tecnológicas--Administración
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