Análisis comparativo entre el método de diseño basado en fuerzas (FBD) y el método directo de diseño basado en Desplazamientos (DDBD) para un edificio de concreto armado de sistema estructural dual de 7 niveles
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2022-04-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los terremotos ocurridos alrededor del mundo durante el siglo pasado y en lo que va de este
han llevado a ingenieros e investigadores a cuestionar los conocimientos y métodos de diseño
que se conocían sobre la ingeniería sismorresistente. Es así que un primer cambio de enfoque
ocurrió cuando se consideró a los desplazamientos como la principal causa del daño estructural
en reemplazo de las aceleraciones y fuerzas que pueda experimentar una estructura. En base a
esto, resulta lógico pensar que los métodos de diseño se deben basar en los desplazamientos y
no en las fuerzas. Es así que Priestley, Moehle y Kowalsky, en los años 90, presentan el Método
de Diseño Directo Basado en Desplazamientos (DDBD) como alternativa al diseño tradicional
basado en fuerzas (FBD).
El presente trabajo busca realizar un análisis comparativo entre el FBD y el DDBD aplicado a
una estructura de sistema estructural dual de 7 niveles. El diseño por FBD estará basado en la
Norma de Diseño Sismorresistente E.030 peruana del 2018, mientras que el DDBD en el texto
Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures por Priestley et. al. del año 2007.
En el Capítulo I, se presenta una introducción al tema, describiendo la situación. Además, se
desarrolla la justificación y la importancia del trabajo. Finalmente, se describe el objetivo
principal y los objetivos secundarios de la investigación.
En el Capítulo II, se presenta el marco teórico en el cual se resaltan las principales características
de ambos métodos, los niveles y objetivos de desempeño estructural según ASCE 41-13 y el
diseño por capacidad de los elementos estructurales. Asimismo, se discuten las incoherencias
conceptuales del método FBD y se desarrolla el marco conceptual del Análisis Estático No
Lineal “Pushover” que se utilizará para evaluar el desempeño estructural de la estructura
analizada para ver si cumple con los objetivos propuestos. Finalmente, se elabora una lista de
todos los parámetros a ser comparados en la investigación.
El Capítulo III reúne los procedimientos paso por paso del FBD y del DDBD basados en los
documentos antes mencionados. Se presentan las expresiones matemáticas necesarias para los
cálculos que se realicen. Adicionalmente, se presenta el procedimiento del “Pushover” según
ASCE 41-13.
En el Capítulo IV, se presenta el caso de estudio, el cual corresponde a una edificación destinada
a oficinas de 7 niveles de sistema estructural dual ubicado en la ciudad de Lima. La distribución
en planta, las propiedades de los materiales a utilizar y el metrado de cargas son mostrados. En el Capítulo V, se aplica la metodología descrita en el Capítulo III. Asimismo, los resultados
obtenidos son presentados destacando el periodo estructural, la rigidez lateral, la fuerza cortante
basal, los momentos de volteo, las fuerzas laterales y el diseño de los elementos estructurales.
En el Capítulo VI, se realiza la aplicación del análisis “Pushover” para cada caso. Se presenta
la curva y espectro de capacidad para cada método, estableciendo el punto y la matriz de
desempeño. Mediante este análisis se demostró que el DDBD cumple de manera eficiente con
los parámetros de diseño por desempeño, validando así la metodología.
En el Capítulo VII, se realiza el análisis comparativo entre el FBD y el DDBD. Los resultados
se presentan en gráficos que permiten explicar las diferencias de manera didáctica,
evidenciando por qué el DDBD resulta más efectivo en la estimación del comportamiento real
de una estructura ante movimientos sísmicos, ya que toma en cuenta la respuesta no lineal en
la etapa de diseño.
Por último, en el Capítulo VIII se discuten las conclusiones a las que se llegaron luego de aplicar
el FBD y el DDBD para el caso de estudio y con los resultados del análisis “Pushover”.
Asimismo, se presentan algunos comentarios finales sobre el trabajo y se brindan
recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones relacionadas.
Earthquakes around the world during the past century and so far have led engineers and researchers to question the knowledge and design methods that were known about earthquakeresistant engineering. Thus, a first change in focus occurred when displacement was considered as the main cause of structural damage, replacing the accelerations and forces that a structure may experience. Based on this, it is logical to think that design methods should be based on displacements and not on forces. Thus, Priestley, Moehle and Kowalsky, in the 90s, presented the Direct Displacement-Based Design Method (DDBD) as an alternative to traditional forcebased design (FBD). The present work seeks to carry out a comparative analysis between the FBD and the DDBD applied to a 7-level dual structure. The design by FBD will be based on the Peruvian E.030 Seismic Design Code of 2018, while the DDBD in the book Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures by Priestley et. al. of 2007. In Chapter I, an introduction to the subject is presented, describing the situation. In addition, the justification and importance of the work is developed. Finally, the main objective and secondary objectives of the research are described. In Chapter II, the theoretical framework is presented in which the main characteristics of both methods are highlighted, the levels and objectives of structural performance according to ASCE 41-13 and the design by capacity of the structural elements. Likewise, the conceptual inconsistencies of the FBD method are discussed and the conceptual framework of the Nonlinear Static Analysis “Pushover” is developed, which will be used to evaluate the structural performance of the analyzed structure. Finally, a list of all the parameters to be compared in the investigation is made. Chapter III brings together the FBD and DDBD step-by-step procedures based on the aforementioned documents. The mathematical expressions necessary for the calculations are presented. Additionally, the "Pushover" procedure is presented according to ASCE 41-13. In Chapter IV, the case study is presented, which corresponds to a 7-level dual building for offices located in the city of Lima. The layout of the structural elements, the properties of the materials to be used and their loads are shown. In Chapter V, the application of the methodology described in Chapter III is carried out. The results obtained are presented, highlighting the structural period, the lateral stiffness, the basal hear force, the overturning moments for each level, the lateral forces per level and the designs of the structural elements. In Chapter VI, the application of the “Pushover” analysis is carried out for each case. The capacity curve and spectrum for each method in each direction are presented, establishing the performance point and matrix. Through this analysis, it was demonstrated that the DDBD efficiently complies with the parameters of a performance design, validating the methodology. In Chapter VII, the comparative analysis between the FBD and the DDBD is developed. The results are presented in graphs that allow explaining the differences in a didactic way, showing why the DDBD is more effective in estimating the real behavior of a structure in the event of seismic movements, since it takes into account the non-linear response in the design stage. Finally, Chapter VIII discusses the conclusions that were reached after applying the FBD and DDBD for the case of study and with the results of the “Pushover” analysis. In addition, some final comments on the work are shown and recommendations for future related research are provided.
Earthquakes around the world during the past century and so far have led engineers and researchers to question the knowledge and design methods that were known about earthquakeresistant engineering. Thus, a first change in focus occurred when displacement was considered as the main cause of structural damage, replacing the accelerations and forces that a structure may experience. Based on this, it is logical to think that design methods should be based on displacements and not on forces. Thus, Priestley, Moehle and Kowalsky, in the 90s, presented the Direct Displacement-Based Design Method (DDBD) as an alternative to traditional forcebased design (FBD). The present work seeks to carry out a comparative analysis between the FBD and the DDBD applied to a 7-level dual structure. The design by FBD will be based on the Peruvian E.030 Seismic Design Code of 2018, while the DDBD in the book Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures by Priestley et. al. of 2007. In Chapter I, an introduction to the subject is presented, describing the situation. In addition, the justification and importance of the work is developed. Finally, the main objective and secondary objectives of the research are described. In Chapter II, the theoretical framework is presented in which the main characteristics of both methods are highlighted, the levels and objectives of structural performance according to ASCE 41-13 and the design by capacity of the structural elements. Likewise, the conceptual inconsistencies of the FBD method are discussed and the conceptual framework of the Nonlinear Static Analysis “Pushover” is developed, which will be used to evaluate the structural performance of the analyzed structure. Finally, a list of all the parameters to be compared in the investigation is made. Chapter III brings together the FBD and DDBD step-by-step procedures based on the aforementioned documents. The mathematical expressions necessary for the calculations are presented. Additionally, the "Pushover" procedure is presented according to ASCE 41-13. In Chapter IV, the case study is presented, which corresponds to a 7-level dual building for offices located in the city of Lima. The layout of the structural elements, the properties of the materials to be used and their loads are shown. In Chapter V, the application of the methodology described in Chapter III is carried out. The results obtained are presented, highlighting the structural period, the lateral stiffness, the basal hear force, the overturning moments for each level, the lateral forces per level and the designs of the structural elements. In Chapter VI, the application of the “Pushover” analysis is carried out for each case. The capacity curve and spectrum for each method in each direction are presented, establishing the performance point and matrix. Through this analysis, it was demonstrated that the DDBD efficiently complies with the parameters of a performance design, validating the methodology. In Chapter VII, the comparative analysis between the FBD and the DDBD is developed. The results are presented in graphs that allow explaining the differences in a didactic way, showing why the DDBD is more effective in estimating the real behavior of a structure in the event of seismic movements, since it takes into account the non-linear response in the design stage. Finally, Chapter VIII discusses the conclusions that were reached after applying the FBD and DDBD for the case of study and with the results of the “Pushover” analysis. In addition, some final comments on the work are shown and recommendations for future related research are provided.
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Concreto armado, Construcciones de concreto armado--Diseño y construcción, Análisis estructural (Ingeniería)
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