Gestión ecoeficiente en dos plantas cementeras
Date
2016-11
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La contaminación ambiental se ha convertido en los últimos años en una de las mayores preocupaciones de la población mundial. En este sentido, el sector cementero es uno de las mayores contaminantes del medio ambiente, siendo responsable de la generación de alrededor del 5% de la emisión de CO2 en el mundo. Otro aspecto importante, es que en el Perú no existen investigaciones referidas a la gestión ecoeficiente que las plantas cementeras realizan, si es que la realizan. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo conocer el estado de la gestión ecoeficiente en dos plantas del sector cementero en el Perú, tomando como referencia el año 2015. En el país existen tres grandes grupos económicos en el sector cementero y, para este trabajo, la investigación se limitó a dos de aquellas plantas que proporcionaron información. Luego de revisar las características de la investigación, se definió un alcance cuantitativo y descriptivo, utilizando como base la Guía de ecoeficiencia para empresas publicada por el Ministerio del Ambiente del Perú (2009). Esta guía ha sido validada por instituciones nacionales e internacionales que garantizan su aplicación en el sector.
El análisis de los datos permitió conocer que las plantas cementeras, materia de este estudio, sí realizaron una gestión ecoeficiente en el 2015; sin embargo, con un alcance limitado a las exigencias legales vigentes en el país, existiendo aún una brecha entre las actividades locales y las internacionales. La razón en muchos casos se debe a la falta de retorno de la inversión que se realiza, es decir, se invierte en gestión ecoeficiente siempre y cuando genere rentabilidad para la empresa. Las plantas cementeras en el Perú se rigen por políticas de confidencialidad muy estrictas y en consecuencia la información es reservada.
En resumen, para el año 2015 las dos plantas cementeras materia de esta investigación, realizaron una mayor gestión ecoeficiente relacionando a la construcción y mantenimiento de edificios, cumpliendo en promedio el 97% de las buenas prácticas relacionadas. Sucedió lo contrario para el caso de la energía, en donde el porcentaje de cumplimientos de buenas prácticas llega en promedio al 84%, habiendo un 16% pendiente de implementar. En el caso de las actividades con mayor impacto ambiental y consumo de recursos, la fabricación de harina cruda y clínker representa en promedio el 20% de los impactos ambientales que generan las plantas
The environmental contamination has turned into last years in one of the biggest worries of the world population. In this sense, the cement sector is one of the biggest pollutant of the environment, being responsible for the generation of about 5 % of the emission of CO2 in the world. Another important aspect is that there are not investigations in Peru referred to the eco-efficient management that cement plants perform, if it is that they realize it. In this sense, the present investigation has to know for an object the state of the management ecoefficient two plants of the cement sector in Peru, with reference to 2015. In the country three big holdings exist in the cement sector and, for this work, the investigation limited to two of those plants that provided information. After reviewing the characteristics of the investigation, a quantitative and descriptive scope was defined, using the Guía de ecoeficiencia para empresas published for Ministerio del Ambiente del Perú (2009). This guide has been validated by national and international institutions that guarantee its application in the sector. The analysis of the information allowed to know that cement plants, the subject of this investigation, conducted itself an eco-efficient management in 2015; however, with a limited access to the current legal requirements in the country, existing still a breach between the local activities and the international. The reason in many cases owes to the absence of return of the investment that is realized, that is to say, it is invested in management ecoefficient if it provided any profit for the company. Cement plants in Peru are regulated by very strict confidentiality policy and therefore the information is reserved. In summary, by 2015 the two cement plants subject of this investigation, made more eco-efficient management relating to the construction and maintenance of buildings, complying with on average 97% of good practices. The opposite happened in the case of energy, where the percentage of compliance of good practice reaches on average 84%, with 16% pending to implement. In the case of activities with greater environmental impact and consumption of resources, the production of raw flour and clínker represents on average 20% of the environmental impacts generated by the plants
The environmental contamination has turned into last years in one of the biggest worries of the world population. In this sense, the cement sector is one of the biggest pollutant of the environment, being responsible for the generation of about 5 % of the emission of CO2 in the world. Another important aspect is that there are not investigations in Peru referred to the eco-efficient management that cement plants perform, if it is that they realize it. In this sense, the present investigation has to know for an object the state of the management ecoefficient two plants of the cement sector in Peru, with reference to 2015. In the country three big holdings exist in the cement sector and, for this work, the investigation limited to two of those plants that provided information. After reviewing the characteristics of the investigation, a quantitative and descriptive scope was defined, using the Guía de ecoeficiencia para empresas published for Ministerio del Ambiente del Perú (2009). This guide has been validated by national and international institutions that guarantee its application in the sector. The analysis of the information allowed to know that cement plants, the subject of this investigation, conducted itself an eco-efficient management in 2015; however, with a limited access to the current legal requirements in the country, existing still a breach between the local activities and the international. The reason in many cases owes to the absence of return of the investment that is realized, that is to say, it is invested in management ecoefficient if it provided any profit for the company. Cement plants in Peru are regulated by very strict confidentiality policy and therefore the information is reserved. In summary, by 2015 the two cement plants subject of this investigation, made more eco-efficient management relating to the construction and maintenance of buildings, complying with on average 97% of good practices. The opposite happened in the case of energy, where the percentage of compliance of good practice reaches on average 84%, with 16% pending to implement. In the case of activities with greater environmental impact and consumption of resources, the production of raw flour and clínker represents on average 20% of the environmental impacts generated by the plants
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Desarrollo sustentable, Industria del cemento, Investigación
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