¿Se respeta el derecho constitucional de igualdad ante la ley en la regulación sobre medidas cautelares en el arbitraje en contrataciones con el Estado?
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Date
2025-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El arbitraje es un medio alternativo de resolución de conflictos que en nuestro
país goza de especial relevancia dada su obligatoriedad en las disputas que
surgen de los contratos suscritos con el Estado.
En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la modificación
normativa regulada con el famoso Decreto de Urgencia N° 20-2020, mediante la
cual se exige la presentación de una contracautela con una cuantificación
prefijada solamente para privados cuando solicitan medidas cautelares contra el
Estado.
En ese orden de ideas, se analizará el principio de igualdad como principio rector
del arbitraje y si el mismo ha sido vulnerado con la norma materia de análisis.
Luego del estudio efectuado, se concluye que existe una percepción equivocada
del Estado como parte débil en los arbitrajes y que el artículo 8.2. de la Ley de
Arbitraje que exige la contracautela por un monto no menor a la garantía de fiel
cumplimiento únicamente a los privados para solicitar medidas cautelares contra
el Estado en arbitrajes sobre contratación pública, entra en colisión con el
derecho de igualdad ante la ley.
Finalmente, se propone una modificación normativa en atención al principio de
razonabilidad en el monto exigido; así como la posibilidad de que los tribunales
arbitrales ejerzan control difuso cuando en cada caso en concreto adviertan que
se está vulnerando el principio de igualdad en acceso a la justicia, la tutela
jurisdiccional efectiva y el principio de razonabilidad al imponer un monto
irrazonable en la carta fianza exigida como contracautela.
Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution method that is of special relevance in our country given its mandatory nature in disputes arising from contracts signed with the State. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the regulatory modification regulated by the famous Emergency Decree No. 20-2020, which requires the presentation of a counter-security with a pre-established quantification only for private parties when they request precautionary measures against the State. In this order of ideas, the principle of equality as a guiding principle of arbitration will be analyzed and whether it has been violated by the rule under analysis. After the study carried out, it is concluded that there is a mistaken perception of the State as a weak party in arbitrations and that article 8.2. of the Arbitration Law, which requires a counter-security for an amount not less than the performance guarantee only for private parties to request precautionary measures against the State in arbitrations on public contracts, collides with the right to equality before the law. Finally, a regulatory amendment is proposed in accordance with the principle of reasonableness in the amount required; as well as the possibility for arbitration courts to exercise diffuse control when in each specific case they notice that the principle of equality in access to justice, effective jurisdictional protection and the principle of reasonableness are being violated by imposing an unreasonable amount on the surety bond required as a counter-security.
Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution method that is of special relevance in our country given its mandatory nature in disputes arising from contracts signed with the State. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the regulatory modification regulated by the famous Emergency Decree No. 20-2020, which requires the presentation of a counter-security with a pre-established quantification only for private parties when they request precautionary measures against the State. In this order of ideas, the principle of equality as a guiding principle of arbitration will be analyzed and whether it has been violated by the rule under analysis. After the study carried out, it is concluded that there is a mistaken perception of the State as a weak party in arbitrations and that article 8.2. of the Arbitration Law, which requires a counter-security for an amount not less than the performance guarantee only for private parties to request precautionary measures against the State in arbitrations on public contracts, collides with the right to equality before the law. Finally, a regulatory amendment is proposed in accordance with the principle of reasonableness in the amount required; as well as the possibility for arbitration courts to exercise diffuse control when in each specific case they notice that the principle of equality in access to justice, effective jurisdictional protection and the principle of reasonableness are being violated by imposing an unreasonable amount on the surety bond required as a counter-security.
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Arbitraje y laudo--Perú, Igualdad ante la ley--Perú, Contratos administrativos--Perú, Derecho constitucional--Perú
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