Representaciones sociales sobre los partidos políticos conservadores en estudiantes de comunicaciones de Lima y Arequipa
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En los últimos años en Latinoamérica y el Perú, los partidos políticos conservadores han sido
elegidos y colocados en posiciones de poder, cuya toma de decisiones sobre los recursos, leyes
y políticas públicas tienden a limitar y/o vulnerar derechos de distintos grupos sociales y la
ciudadanía en general. La imagen de los partidos políticos suele ser construida principalmente
a través del contenido de los medios de comunicación masiva, así el apoyo o rechazo a los
partidos políticos conservadores y su agenda política pasa por las representaciones de los
profesionales vinculados a las comunicaciones. Por ello, desde un enfoque cualitativo y basado
en un diseño de análisis temático, esta tesis planteó comprender las representaciones sociales
de partidos políticos conservadores en estudiantes y futuros profesionales de comunicaciones
de las ciudades de Lima y Arequipa, así como identificar similitudes y diferencias en la
configuración representacional según región. A partir de las narrativas de 25 estudiantes
recogidas a través de grupos focales, se analizó la estructura, contenido y diferencias de las
representaciones sociales de los partidos políticos conservadores. Los resultados indican un
núcleo central que concibe a los partidos conservadores alineados al fundamentalismo religioso
y al egoísmo. Los estudiantes discutieron sobre los puntos contradictorios entre la religión y la
gestión pública. Como elementos periféricos se ubica la búsqueda del poder, dinero y velar por
los intereses propios; generando actitudes negativas de posibles actos de corrupción y
oportunismo. En Lima, sobresale la inflexibilidad y el ser impositivo, los partidos
conservadores son vistos como reactivos e intolerantes frente a discursos alejados de los
mandatos eclesiásticos. Mientras que en Arequipa, enfatizan en estar basados en la tradición,
controlar la economía y ser firmes en sus convicciones.
In recent years, both in Latin America and Peru, conservative political parties have been elected and placed in positions of power. Their decision-making regarding resources, laws, and public policies tends to restrict and/or undermine the rights of various social groups and the general citizenry. The image of political parties is largely shaped by the content disseminated through mass media; thus, support for or rejection of conservative political parties and their agendas is influenced by the representations held by communication professionals. From a qualitative approach and based on a thematic analysis design, this thesis aimed to explore the social representations of conservative political parties among students and future communication professionals in the cities of Lima and Arequipa, as well as to identify similarities and differences in their representational configurations according to region. Drawing on the narratives of 25 students collected through focus groups, the structure, content, and variations in social representations of conservative political parties were analyzed. The findings reveal a central core that conceives conservative parties as aligned with religious fundamentalism and selfishness. Students reflected on the contradictions between religion and public governance. Peripheral elements include the pursuit of power and wealth, and the prioritization of selfinterest— factors associated with negative attitudes toward potential acts of corruption and opportunism. In Lima, inflexibility and authoritarian tendencies stand out; conservative parties are perceived as reactive and intolerant toward discourses that deviate from ecclesiastical mandates. In contrast, in Arequipa, emphasis is placed on tradition, economic control, and firmness in convictions.
In recent years, both in Latin America and Peru, conservative political parties have been elected and placed in positions of power. Their decision-making regarding resources, laws, and public policies tends to restrict and/or undermine the rights of various social groups and the general citizenry. The image of political parties is largely shaped by the content disseminated through mass media; thus, support for or rejection of conservative political parties and their agendas is influenced by the representations held by communication professionals. From a qualitative approach and based on a thematic analysis design, this thesis aimed to explore the social representations of conservative political parties among students and future communication professionals in the cities of Lima and Arequipa, as well as to identify similarities and differences in their representational configurations according to region. Drawing on the narratives of 25 students collected through focus groups, the structure, content, and variations in social representations of conservative political parties were analyzed. The findings reveal a central core that conceives conservative parties as aligned with religious fundamentalism and selfishness. Students reflected on the contradictions between religion and public governance. Peripheral elements include the pursuit of power and wealth, and the prioritization of selfinterest— factors associated with negative attitudes toward potential acts of corruption and opportunism. In Lima, inflexibility and authoritarian tendencies stand out; conservative parties are perceived as reactive and intolerant toward discourses that deviate from ecclesiastical mandates. In contrast, in Arequipa, emphasis is placed on tradition, economic control, and firmness in convictions.
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Representaciones sociales, Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones--Perú, Partidos políticos--Perú, Conservadurismo--Perú, Psicología política--Perú
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