La blanquirroja en la tribuna digital: Evolución de la comunicación, identidad y posicionamiento a lo largo de las campañas mundialistas para Rusia 2018 y Qatar 2022
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación aborda el estudio de la comunicación digital en
organizaciones de hinchas no tradicionales, centrando su análisis en "La
Blanquirroja" y su interacción en la plataforma Instagram. El objetivo general es
analizar la evolución de la estrategia de comunicación de esta organización
durante las campañas de los procesos mundialistas de Rusia 2018 y Qatar 2022,
enfocándose en cómo ha construido su identidad y posicionamiento a través de
sus prácticas discursivas y visuales.
El diseño metodológico se enmarca en un enfoque cualitativo de alcance
exploratorio-descriptivo, utilizando la etnografía digital como método central. Se
aplicó la técnica de análisis de contenido a una muestra de 60 publicaciones
(2015-2022) y se triangularon los datos con entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho
actores clave, incluyendo fundadores, miembros y periodistas.
Los hallazgos centrales revelan que la comunicación sufrió un proceso de
plataformización, evidenciado en la transición del predominio fotográfico hacia
un mayor uso de formatos de video y carruseles, adaptándose a las exigencias
algorítmicas. Se identificó una mutación del branding: de una identidad explícita
(uso reiterado del nombre y logotipo) a una identidad performativa e implícita.
Este cambio validó una narrativa de "incondicionalidad", logrando un incremento
significativo en las métricas de interacción en la segunda campaña respecto a la
primera, a pesar del fracaso deportivo. Asimismo, la comunicación ha funcionado
como mecanismo de legitimación para la inclusión, correlacionándose con un
aumento notable en la cantidad de mujeres integrantes, proyectando a la barra
como un "espacio seguro".
La conclusión principal sostiene que la estrategia de comunicación de La
Blanquirroja evolucionó de lo informativo y explícito hacia lo performativo y
emocional, permitiendo fortalecer la identidad de la organización, la cual transitó
de buscar reconocimiento mediante la exposición reiterada de su nombre a
consolidar un posicionamiento basado en la exhibición de ritos y acciones
colectivas.
This research addresses digital communication in non-traditional fandom organizations, focusing on "La Blanquirroja" and its interaction on the Instagram platform. The general objective is to analyze the evolution of this organization's communication strategy during the World Cup campaigns for Russia 2018 and Qatar 2022, focusing on how it has built its identity and positioning through its discursive and visual practices. The methodological design is framed within a qualitative approach with an exploratory-descriptive scope, using digital ethnography as the central method. Content analysis was applied to a sample of 60 posts (2015-2022), and data was triangulated with semi-structured interviews with eight key actors, including founders, members, and journalists. The central findings reveal that communication underwent a process of platformization, evidenced by the transition from photographic dominance to a greater use of video formats and carousels, adapting to algorithmic demands. A branding mutation was identified: from an explicit identity (repeated logo usage) to a performative and implicit identity. This shift validated a narrative of "unconditionality," achieving a significant increase in interaction metrics (likes and comments) in the second campaign compared to the first, despite the sporting failure. Furthermore, communication has functioned as a legitimation mechanism for inclusion, correlating with a notable increase in the number of female members, projecting the fan group as a "safe space." The main conclusion holds that La Blanquirroja's communication strategy evolved from the informative and explicit towards the performative and emotional, allowing for the strengthening of the organization's identity, which transitioned from seeking recognition through the repeated exposure of its name to consolidating a positioning based on the exhibition of rituals and collective actions.
This research addresses digital communication in non-traditional fandom organizations, focusing on "La Blanquirroja" and its interaction on the Instagram platform. The general objective is to analyze the evolution of this organization's communication strategy during the World Cup campaigns for Russia 2018 and Qatar 2022, focusing on how it has built its identity and positioning through its discursive and visual practices. The methodological design is framed within a qualitative approach with an exploratory-descriptive scope, using digital ethnography as the central method. Content analysis was applied to a sample of 60 posts (2015-2022), and data was triangulated with semi-structured interviews with eight key actors, including founders, members, and journalists. The central findings reveal that communication underwent a process of platformization, evidenced by the transition from photographic dominance to a greater use of video formats and carousels, adapting to algorithmic demands. A branding mutation was identified: from an explicit identity (repeated logo usage) to a performative and implicit identity. This shift validated a narrative of "unconditionality," achieving a significant increase in interaction metrics (likes and comments) in the second campaign compared to the first, despite the sporting failure. Furthermore, communication has functioned as a legitimation mechanism for inclusion, correlating with a notable increase in the number of female members, projecting the fan group as a "safe space." The main conclusion holds that La Blanquirroja's communication strategy evolved from the informative and explicit towards the performative and emotional, allowing for the strengthening of the organization's identity, which transitioned from seeking recognition through the repeated exposure of its name to consolidating a positioning based on the exhibition of rituals and collective actions.
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Copa Mundial de Fútbol, Aficionados al fútbol--Perú, Redes sociales en línea, Futbol--Aspectos sociales--Perú
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