El rol de la educación artística en el desarrollo de capacidades para la ciudadanía: el caso de la Escuela Puckllay y su propuesta del cuerpo en movimiento
Date
2021-01-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las artes en la educación tienen un rol fundamental en el desarrollo integral de las personas. La educación
artística promueve en las y los estudiantes la cultivación de la imaginación, las emociones y la reflexión
crítica para examinar sus propias concepciones y el mundo que los rodean, así como interactuar con
interlocutores de diversas procedencias y distintas ideas. En el Perú, a pesar de los esfuerzos de política
social por promoverlo, persiste una perspectiva de atención y evaluación educativas en términos de su
contribución al crecimiento económico. Desde el enfoque de capacidades, la educación es una capacidad
fundamental, en pos de formar competencias para pensar crítica y creativamente para el ejercicio
ciudadano democrático. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa, esta tesis recoge la experiencia de la
Escuela Puckllay y su propuesta del cuerpo en movimiento para explorar su influencia en el desarrollo de
las tres capacidades para la ciudadanía a través de la educación propuestas por Martha Nussbaum —
pensamiento crítico, ciudadanía global, e imaginación narrativa— en sus estudiantes. Los hallazgos
permiten concluir que la continua participación de las y los estudiantes en las dinámicas del cuerpo en
movimiento de Puckllay aportan a la expansión de sus capacidades para la ciudadanía en cuatro puntos:
la cultivación de competencias clave para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía como son la empatía, la solidaridad
y la compasión; el control de emociones que desembocan directamente del ejercicio artístico como son
la vergüenza, la seguridad, la frustración, el miedo y la satisfacción; la formación de una voz propia a través
del valor intrínseco que se le otorgaron los estudiantes a su participación en la escuela como vía clave de
expresión; y el ejercicio de la reflexión crítica como un proceso de cuestionamiento de las propias ideas y
creencias, en relación con la exclusión, la discriminación y las disparidades de género.
The arts in education play a fundamental role in the integral development of people. Arts education fosters the cultivation of imagination, emotions, and critical reflection in students to examine their own conceptions and the world that surrounds them, as well as interact with interlocutors from diverse backgrounds and different ideas. In Peru, despite social policy efforts to promote it, a perspective of educational attention and evaluation persists in terms of its contribution to economic growth. From the capabilities approach, education is a fundamental capability, which allows developing abilities to think critically and creatively for democratic citizenship exercise. Using a qualitative methodology, this thesis gathers the experience of the Escuela Puckllay and its proposal of the body in movement to explore its influence on the development of the three capabilities for citizenship through education proposed by Martha Nussbaum —critical thinking, global citizenship, and narrative imagination— in its students. The findings conclude that the continuous participation of students in the dynamics of Puckllay's body in movement contributes to the expansion of their capabilities for citizenship in four points: the cultivation of key competencies for the exercise of citizenship, such as empathy, solidarity and compassion; the control of emotions that flow directly from the artistic exercise such as shame, safety, frustration, fear and satisfaction; the development of their own voice through the intrinsic value that students gave to their participation in school as a key means of expression; and the exercise of critical reflection as a process of questioning one's own ideas and beliefs, related to exclusion, discrimination and gender disparities.
The arts in education play a fundamental role in the integral development of people. Arts education fosters the cultivation of imagination, emotions, and critical reflection in students to examine their own conceptions and the world that surrounds them, as well as interact with interlocutors from diverse backgrounds and different ideas. In Peru, despite social policy efforts to promote it, a perspective of educational attention and evaluation persists in terms of its contribution to economic growth. From the capabilities approach, education is a fundamental capability, which allows developing abilities to think critically and creatively for democratic citizenship exercise. Using a qualitative methodology, this thesis gathers the experience of the Escuela Puckllay and its proposal of the body in movement to explore its influence on the development of the three capabilities for citizenship through education proposed by Martha Nussbaum —critical thinking, global citizenship, and narrative imagination— in its students. The findings conclude that the continuous participation of students in the dynamics of Puckllay's body in movement contributes to the expansion of their capabilities for citizenship in four points: the cultivation of key competencies for the exercise of citizenship, such as empathy, solidarity and compassion; the control of emotions that flow directly from the artistic exercise such as shame, safety, frustration, fear and satisfaction; the development of their own voice through the intrinsic value that students gave to their participation in school as a key means of expression; and the exercise of critical reflection as a process of questioning one's own ideas and beliefs, related to exclusion, discrimination and gender disparities.
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Keywords
Nussbaum, Martha C. (Martha Craven), 1947-, Arte--Estudio y enseñanza--Perú, Ciudadanía--Perú, Educación--Perú
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