Factores que contribuyen y limitan la implementación del Programa Beca 18 en jóvenes indígenas de la región Ucayali, durante el período 2017-2020

Abstract

Según la Secretaría Nacional de la Juventud (SENAJU), en lo que se refiere al acceso a educación superior, solo el 27,9% de los jóvenes indígenas asisten al algún centro de enseñanza, cuando el promedio nacional es de 38,5% (2011:85). La presente investigación trata sobre un estudio de caso de becarios y ex becarios indígenas beneficiarios del Programa Beca 18, a través del cual el Estado pretende cerrar brechas educativas en pueblos indígenas mencionadas en el anterior párrafo, teniendo como fuentes de información a los propios becarios, a ex becarios, a padres de familia de los estudiantes beneficiados con el Programa y a funcionarios de éste. En tal sentido, es importante conocer cómo se viene implementando dicho Programa y cómo, a pesar de que lograron acceder a la beca un gran número de jóvenes indígenas, no llegan culminar sus estudios mientras que otro grupo minúsculo si tiene una experiencia exitosa. En ese orden de ideas la pregunta general que enmarca la presente investigación es la siguiente: ¿Cuáles son los factores que contribuyen y limitan la implementación del programa Beca 18 dirigido a los jóvenes indígenas, durante los años 2017-2020, en la región Ucayali? La respuesta a dicha pregunta nos ayuda a identificar los factores que contribuyen y limitan la implementación del Programa Beca 18, en la región Ucayali, analizando la respuesta del programa a las necesidades y expectativas de los jóvenes indígenas sujetos de derecho, así como su acceso al mercado laboral y su percepción sobre el programa, con el fin de presentar recomendaciones que puedan ser incorporadas por el programa de becas. Una de las mayores limitaciones del Programa que se ha identificado se refiere a la falta de información y orientación vocacional. Frente a ello, se propone una mejora de estrategias de información, transición a la universidad y acceso al mercado laboral para becarios y ex becarios indígenas con el objetivo de mejorar la prestación del servicio de PRONABEC a becarios y ex becarios indígenas del Programa Beca 18.

Discussion Paper N° 5: The Amazonian Universe: A quantitative look at the facts and some conclusions for public policies, states that, for every 100 indigenous people in the Peruvian Amazon who have access to education, only 75 have access to primary education. In higher education, while the average enrollment rate is 22%, for members of native communities in the Amazon it is 5%. The present research deals with a case study of indigenous scholarship recipients and former scholarship recipients under the Programa Nacional de Becas through which Government intends to close educational gaps among the indigenous peoples mentioned in the previous paragraph, using as sources of information the scholarship recipients themselves, former scholarship recipients, parents of students benefiting from the Program, and Program officials. In this regard, it is important to know how this program is being implemented and how, even though many young indigenous people have been able to access the scholarship, they have not completed their studies, while another small group has had a successful experience. In that order of ideas, the general question that will frame the present investigation is the following one: Which are the factors that contribute and limit the implementation of the Beca 18 Program directed to the indigenous youth, during years 2017-2020, in the Ucayali region? The answer to this question will help us to identify the factors that contribute and limit the implementation of the Beca 18 Program, in the Ucayali region, analyzing the response of the program to the needs and expectations of indigenous young people subject to law, as well as their access to the labor market and their perception of the program, to present recommendations that can be incorporated by the scholarship program. One of the major limitations of the Program that has been identified relates to the lack of information and vocational orientation. In response to this, we propose the creation and implementation of a network of former and indigenous scholarship recipients that aims to provide the applicant with all the necessary information regarding the professional careers offered by PRONABEC through Beca 18 Program and other educational institutions.