Elaboración de carpas iglú industriales fabricadas a partir de plásticos reciclados
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Perú enfrenta una crisis ambiental severa: solo se recicla el 10% de los 1.2 millones de
toneladas de residuos plásticos generados anualmente. Paralelamente, sectores como minería,
construcción y agroindustria requieren soluciones habitacionales temporales que sean
sostenibles, resistentes y económicas. En este contexto, la tesis tiene como objetivo general
diseñar y validar un modelo de carpa tipo iglú industrial fabricada con plásticos reciclados,
como alternativa ecológica y funcional para dichos sectores. El método empleado fue el
Design Thinking, que permitió desarrollar un producto centrado en las necesidades del
usuario. Se realizaron pruebas con prototipos para evaluar resistencia estructural, facilidad de
ensamblaje y funcionalidad en campo. El modelo final puede armarse en 43 minutos y obtuvo
una aceptación del 79% entre potenciales usuarios. En cuanto a la viabilidad técnica y
financiera, el proyecto demostró factibilidad mediante el uso de materiales reciclados
disponibles localmente. El análisis económico arrojó un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de S/
120,252.66 y una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) del 22%, indicadores que avalan su
rentabilidad. Además, se alinea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 12, 14 y 8,
destacando su aporte al desarrollo sostenible. Se estima que, en cinco años, el uso de estas
carpas permitiría evitar entre 635 y 750 toneladas de emisiones de CO₂. En conclusión, las
carpas iglú recicladas constituyen una solución innovadora, rentable y ambientalmente
responsable. Se recomienda implementar un plan estratégico para escalar su producción,
garantizar el cumplimiento normativo y promover su expansión comercial.
Peru faces a severe environmental crisis: only 10% of the 1.2 million tons of plastic waste generated annually is recycled. At the same time, sectors such as mining, construction and agribusiness require temporary housing solutions that are sustainable, resistant and economical. In this context, the general objective of this thesis is to design and validate a model of an industrial igloo tent made of recycled plastics as an ecological and functional alternative for these sectors. The method used was Design Thinking, which allowed the development of a product focused on the user's needs. Prototype tests were carried out to evaluate structural strength, ease of assembly and functionality in the field. The final model can be assembled in 43 minutes and obtained 79% acceptance among potential users. In terms of technical and financial feasibility, the project demonstrated feasibility through the use of locally available recycled materials. The economic analysis yielded a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 120,252.66 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 22%, indicators that support its profitability. In addition, it is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12, 14 and 8, highlighting its contribution to sustainable development. It is estimated that, in five years, the use of these tents would make it possible to avoid between 635 and 750 tons of CO₂ emissions. In conclusion, recycled igloo tents are an innovative, cost-effective and sustainable solution. It is recommended that a strategic plan be implemented to promote their production, regulatory compliance and commercial expansion.
Peru faces a severe environmental crisis: only 10% of the 1.2 million tons of plastic waste generated annually is recycled. At the same time, sectors such as mining, construction and agribusiness require temporary housing solutions that are sustainable, resistant and economical. In this context, the general objective of this thesis is to design and validate a model of an industrial igloo tent made of recycled plastics as an ecological and functional alternative for these sectors. The method used was Design Thinking, which allowed the development of a product focused on the user's needs. Prototype tests were carried out to evaluate structural strength, ease of assembly and functionality in the field. The final model can be assembled in 43 minutes and obtained 79% acceptance among potential users. In terms of technical and financial feasibility, the project demonstrated feasibility through the use of locally available recycled materials. The economic analysis yielded a Net Present Value (NPV) of S/ 120,252.66 and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 22%, indicators that support its profitability. In addition, it is aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12, 14 and 8, highlighting its contribution to sustainable development. It is estimated that, in five years, the use of these tents would make it possible to avoid between 635 and 750 tons of CO₂ emissions. In conclusion, recycled igloo tents are an innovative, cost-effective and sustainable solution. It is recommended that a strategic plan be implemented to promote their production, regulatory compliance and commercial expansion.
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Palabras clave
Plásticos--Reciclaje, Plásticos--Aspectos ambientales, Construcción--Aspectos ambientales, Residuos sólidos--Aprovechamiento, Economía ambiental
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