Desafíos en la valoración del testimonio infantil: Análisis del criterio de verosimilitud en casos de violación sexual y propuesta de metodología psicológica forense para evaluar testimonios de menores de edad
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2025-03-31
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo determinar el problema que presentan
los órganos jurisdiccionales en la valoración del testimonio de menores de edad
en los delitos de violación sexual, específicamente el criterio de verosimilitud; el
mismo que constituye uno las pautas metodológicas más importantes que
orientan a los juzgadores en la credibilidad de la declaración testimonial para la
incriminación, en conformidad al Acuerdo Plenario 2-2005/CJ-116.
En ese contexto, se analizará cómo la garantía de verosimilitud propuesta en
dicha jurisprudencia impide que los juzgadores hagan una valoración correcta
sobre este medio probatorio al tratarse de víctimas menores edad, ya que este
criterio fue pensado en sindicaciones coherentes, uniformes y persistentes para
un testigo mayor de edad.
Por consiguiente, se abordará que hay un problema conceptual sobre la
verosimilitud, ya que las declaraciones infantiles no pueden cumplir con este
criterio, debido a factores como la edad, su capacidad cognitiva y efectos
psicopatológicos sufridos por el abuso sexual. Además, se desarrollarán los
problemas operativos prácticos que impiden que se cumpla con la verosimilitud
en la prueba testimonial, especialmente, la falta de una metodología psicológica
forense.
Como bien hemos señalado, el acuerdo plenario actual no cuenta con
especificaciones sobre cómo se debe evaluar las declaraciones de víctimas
menores de edad para la determinación de la credibilidad; por eso, es necesario
que en el Perú aplique la metodología psicológica forense CBCA-SVA, como
herramienta de apoyo para que los juzgadores jurisdiccionales evalúen de
manera más eficaz la credibilidad en las declaraciones de los menores abusados
sexualmente.
The purpose of this article is to identify the issues faced by judicial bodies in assessing the testimony of minors in cases of sexual assault, specifically regarding the criterion of plausibility. This criterion is one of the most important methodological guidelines that assists judges in determining the credibility of testimonial statements for incrimination, as established by Plenary Agreement 2- 2005/CJ-116. In this context, the article analyzes how the plausibility guarantee proposed in this jurisprudence prevents judges from properly evaluating this type of evidence when the victims are minors. This is because the criterion was originally designed for coherent, consistent, and persistent statements provided by adult witnesses. Consequently, the article addresses a conceptual problem regarding plausibility: children’s statements often cannot meet this criterion due to factors such as their age, cognitive development, and the psychological effects of sexual abuse. Additionally, practical operational issues that hinder the fulfillment of the plausibility requirement in testimonial evidence are discussed, particularly the lack of forensic psychological methodology. As highlighted, the current plenary agreement does not provide specific guidelines on how to evaluate the statements of minor victims to determine credibility. Therefore, it is necessary for Peru to implement the CBCA-SVA forensic psychological methodology as a support tool to enable judicial bodies to more effectively evaluate the credibility of statements made by sexually abused minors.
The purpose of this article is to identify the issues faced by judicial bodies in assessing the testimony of minors in cases of sexual assault, specifically regarding the criterion of plausibility. This criterion is one of the most important methodological guidelines that assists judges in determining the credibility of testimonial statements for incrimination, as established by Plenary Agreement 2- 2005/CJ-116. In this context, the article analyzes how the plausibility guarantee proposed in this jurisprudence prevents judges from properly evaluating this type of evidence when the victims are minors. This is because the criterion was originally designed for coherent, consistent, and persistent statements provided by adult witnesses. Consequently, the article addresses a conceptual problem regarding plausibility: children’s statements often cannot meet this criterion due to factors such as their age, cognitive development, and the psychological effects of sexual abuse. Additionally, practical operational issues that hinder the fulfillment of the plausibility requirement in testimonial evidence are discussed, particularly the lack of forensic psychological methodology. As highlighted, the current plenary agreement does not provide specific guidelines on how to evaluate the statements of minor victims to determine credibility. Therefore, it is necessary for Peru to implement the CBCA-SVA forensic psychological methodology as a support tool to enable judicial bodies to more effectively evaluate the credibility of statements made by sexually abused minors.
Description
Keywords
Interrogatorio de testigos--Perú, Procedimiento penal, Abuso sexual de niños--Perú, Prueba penal (Perú), Derecho procesal penal--Perú
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess