Estudio comparativo del vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo en niños y niñas de 5 años de edad de una institución pública y privada de dos distritos de la zona de Lima Centro
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si existen diferencias en el
vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo en niños de 5 años de edad de instituciones
educativas de dos distritos de la zona de Lima Centro, según el tipo de gestión de la
institución y el género. La investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada
y con un diseño descriptivo-comparativo no experimental. Se empleó un muestreo
no probabilístico por conveniencia, conformando una muestra de 78 niños: 39 de una
institución estatal y 39 de una institución privada. Para evaluar el desarrollo del
vocabulario comprensivo, se aplicó el Test de Vocabulario en Imágenes de Peabody
(PPVT-III), mientras que el vocabulario expresivo se evaluó mediante el Test de
Figura-Palabra de Vocabulario Expresivo de Gardner (versión adaptada). Los
resultados evidenciaron que la hipótesis general se cumple parcialmente, ya que hay
diferencias significativas según el tipo de gestión de la institución, pero no por
género. Se concluye que el desarrollo del vocabulario en niños de 5 años depende
del entorno educativo, los recursos disponibles y la formación docente, con mayor
impacto en instituciones privadas.
The objective of this research is to determine whether there are differences in receptive and expressive vocabulary in 5-year-old children from educational institutions in two districts of the Lima Centro area, based on the type of institution management and gender. The research follows a quantitative approach, is applied in nature, and employs a non-experimental descriptive-comparative design. A nonprobabilistic convenience sampling method was used, conforming a sample of 78 children: 39 from a public institution and 39 from a private institution. To assess the development of receptive vocabulary, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVTIII) was applied, while expressive vocabulary was evaluated using Gardner’s Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (adapted version). The results showed that the general hypothesis is partially confirmed, as there are significant differences based on the type of institution management, but not based on gender. It is concluded that the development of vocabulary in 5-year-old children depends on the educational environment, available resources, and teacher training, with a greater impact observed in private institutions.
The objective of this research is to determine whether there are differences in receptive and expressive vocabulary in 5-year-old children from educational institutions in two districts of the Lima Centro area, based on the type of institution management and gender. The research follows a quantitative approach, is applied in nature, and employs a non-experimental descriptive-comparative design. A nonprobabilistic convenience sampling method was used, conforming a sample of 78 children: 39 from a public institution and 39 from a private institution. To assess the development of receptive vocabulary, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVTIII) was applied, while expressive vocabulary was evaluated using Gardner’s Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (adapted version). The results showed that the general hypothesis is partially confirmed, as there are significant differences based on the type of institution management, but not based on gender. It is concluded that the development of vocabulary in 5-year-old children depends on the educational environment, available resources, and teacher training, with a greater impact observed in private institutions.
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Niños--Lenguaje--Uso--Perú--Lima--Evaluación, Escuelas públicas--Perú--Lima, Escuelas privadas--Perú--Lima
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