La implementación del Modelo de Gestión del Rendimiento en el marco de la Reforma del Servicio Civil Peruano: El Caso de la implementación del Plan Piloto en SERFOR 2015 - 2016
Date
2018-01-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La gestión de la implementación de una política pública tiene especial relevancia para su efectividad. Es durante esta fase que se conjugan diversos factores que pueden promover su éxito o fracaso; dichos factores pueden ser previstos o imprevistos durante el diseño o aparecer durante la implementación, del mismo modo diversos factores pueden influir y coexistir, facilitando o dificultando dicho proceso. Esta investigación considera las dificultades de la implementación como elemento central del análisis, alejándonos de premisas teóricas que priorizan el análisis del fenómeno desde el estudio de los procedimientos y la adecuación de los individuos a las normas. Algunos conceptos utilizados para el análisis serán las resistencias burocráticas, rutinas organizacionales y gestión del cambio. La evidencia empírica de esta investigación sugiere que los factores que facilitan o que dificultan son de distinta naturaleza, siendo los primeros de tipo político y organizacional y los segundos de carácter técnico. Tomando como base la experiencia de implementación de una política pública en una entidad estatal en el contexto de la reforma del servicio civil peruano y asumiendo un enfoque de abajo hacia arriba que coloca en el centro del análisis a los actores burocráticos que experimentaron la implementación; esta investigación identifica como factores que favorecieron el proceso de implementación el liderazgo ejercido por los directivos como principales impulsores de la reforma, la legitimidad de dicho liderazgo, la voluntad política, el compromiso con la reforma, la cultura organizacional y las estrategias de manejo del cambio como la gestión de comunicación así como el involucramiento y entendimiento de los actores como agentes activos de implementación, entre otros. Del mismo modo, algunos factores que dificultaron la implementación estuvieron relacionados con las rutinas burocráticas, los tiempos para la implementación, las herramientas a ser implementadas, así como las nuevas tareas y responsabilidades acaecidas con el cambio.
The management of the implementation phase of a public policy has a special relevance for its effectiveness. During this phase several factors are combined to promote its success or failure; these factors could be identified or not during the design process or appear during implementation of the policy. In addition, some other factors are continuously influence in order to facilitate or disrupt the implementation process. This investigation considers the difficulties of the implementation as a central element of the analysis, moving away from the theoretical premises that prioritize the analysis of the phenomenon from the study of the procedures and the adaptation of the individuals to the norms. Some concepts used for the analysis are bureaucratic resistances, organizational routines and change of management. The empirical evidence of this research suggests that the factors that either facilitate or disrupt are from different character, the ones that facilitate are related to political and organizational elements and the ones that disrupt are related to technical tools or processes. Based on the experience of the implementation of a public policy in a governmental entity and assuming a bottom-up approach that focuses the center of the analysis in the bureaucratic actors; this research identifies as factors that promote the implementation: the leadership of the directors of the entity as the main sponsors of the reform, the legitimacy of that leadership, the political will, the commitment with the reform, the organizational culture and the strategies deployed to face the change, communication management, among others. In the same way, some factors that disrupt the implementation are the new technical tools and new routines to be executed.
The management of the implementation phase of a public policy has a special relevance for its effectiveness. During this phase several factors are combined to promote its success or failure; these factors could be identified or not during the design process or appear during implementation of the policy. In addition, some other factors are continuously influence in order to facilitate or disrupt the implementation process. This investigation considers the difficulties of the implementation as a central element of the analysis, moving away from the theoretical premises that prioritize the analysis of the phenomenon from the study of the procedures and the adaptation of the individuals to the norms. Some concepts used for the analysis are bureaucratic resistances, organizational routines and change of management. The empirical evidence of this research suggests that the factors that either facilitate or disrupt are from different character, the ones that facilitate are related to political and organizational elements and the ones that disrupt are related to technical tools or processes. Based on the experience of the implementation of a public policy in a governmental entity and assuming a bottom-up approach that focuses the center of the analysis in the bureaucratic actors; this research identifies as factors that promote the implementation: the leadership of the directors of the entity as the main sponsors of the reform, the legitimacy of that leadership, the political will, the commitment with the reform, the organizational culture and the strategies deployed to face the change, communication management, among others. In the same way, some factors that disrupt the implementation are the new technical tools and new routines to be executed.
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Keywords
Servicio civil--Perú, Cambio organizacional--Perú, Administración de personal--Perú, Administración pública--Perú
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