Fundamentos y análisis jurídico para el debate en el Perú en torno a la cobertura del seguro obligatorio de accidentes de tránsito a favor de víctimas de accidentes de tránsito en el contexto de ausencia de contratación del SOAT o CAT
Date
2023-04-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Al fundamentar su funcionamiento en la contratación de la póliza y cobro de la prima, el SOAT
deja en desamparo a muchas víctimas de accidentes de tránsito (a quienes llamamos en esta
investigación víctimas en contexto de ausencia de contratación). En el Perú, el esquema
complementario, el Fondo de Compensación, se muestra insuficiente porque continúa dejando sin
protección a muchas víctimas de accidentes de tránsito. Reflexionar sobre el desamparo de estas
víctimas implica no solamente estudiar los textos normativos y pronunciamientos judiciales y
administrativos al respecto sino preguntarse por dos cuestiones principales: (i) las razones por las
que como sociedad deberíamos contar con un esquema lo suficientemente amplio que garantice
indemnizaciones a todas las víctimas de accidentes de tránsito; (ii) la viabilidad de un esquema de
compensaciones sostenible en el tiempo que no condicione la protección a la contratación de la
póliza y pago de la prima. Estas cuestiones involucran tanto a la dogmática, análisis económico
del derecho y filosofía política: conocer sus límites y aportes. Esta investigación concluye que
existen razones de peso para que nuestra sociedad cuente con un mecanismo organizado de
compensación de daños en los accidentes de tránsito que debe ser apoyado por la labor estatal para
hacerlo sostenible en el tiempo.
By basing its operation on contracting the policy and collecting the premium, the SOAT leaves many victims of traffic accidents helpless (whom we call in this investigation victims in the context of not contracting). In Peru, the complementary scheme, the Compensation Fund, is insufficient because it continues to leave many victims of traffic accidents unprotected. Reflecting on the lack of protection of these victims implies not only studying the normative texts and judicial and administrative pronouncements in this regard, but also asking about two main questions: (i) the reasons why as a society we should have a sufficiently broad scheme that guarantees compensation to all victims of traffic accidents; (ii) the viability of a compensation scheme that is sustainable over time that does not condition protection on contracting the policy and paying the premium. These issues involve both dogmatics, economic analysis of law and political philosophy: knowing its limits and contributions. This research concludes that there are compelling reasons for our society to have an organized compensation mechanism for damages in traffic accidents that must be supported by state efforts to make it sustainable over time.
By basing its operation on contracting the policy and collecting the premium, the SOAT leaves many victims of traffic accidents helpless (whom we call in this investigation victims in the context of not contracting). In Peru, the complementary scheme, the Compensation Fund, is insufficient because it continues to leave many victims of traffic accidents unprotected. Reflecting on the lack of protection of these victims implies not only studying the normative texts and judicial and administrative pronouncements in this regard, but also asking about two main questions: (i) the reasons why as a society we should have a sufficiently broad scheme that guarantees compensation to all victims of traffic accidents; (ii) the viability of a compensation scheme that is sustainable over time that does not condition protection on contracting the policy and paying the premium. These issues involve both dogmatics, economic analysis of law and political philosophy: knowing its limits and contributions. This research concludes that there are compelling reasons for our society to have an organized compensation mechanism for damages in traffic accidents that must be supported by state efforts to make it sustainable over time.
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Keywords
Accidentes de tránsito--Perú, Responsabilidad por accidentes de tránsito, Seguros--Contratos, Seguros--Pólizas
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