Propuesta de indice de transparencia corporativa para un sector empresarial
Date
2019-01-17
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación pretende desarrollar un índice que mida el nivel de
transparencia corporativa de un determinado sector empresarial o grupo de empresas que
participan en el mercado peruano. Este estudio considera de suma importancia contar con
mecanismos que permitan a las empresas transmitir cierto nivel de garantía respecto al nivel
de transparencia corporativa con el que se muestran al público en general; así como la
relevancia de definir un concepto de transparencia para determinar el alcance y la capacidad
real que tendrá cualquier instrumento desarrollado para medir dicha variable. Para este
estudio, la transparencia corporativa ha sido definida como la publicación de información
oportuna y relevante para la evaluación de una organización (Lindstedt & Naurin, 2010).
El Índice de Transparencia Corporativa Perú (ITC Perú) propuesto en el presente
estudio está conformado por cuatro pilares: a) Gobierno Corporativo, b) Información
Financiera, c) Accesibilidad a la Información y d) Percepción de Transparencia. Cada pilar
está compuesto por dos factores y cada factor por siete variables, teniendo en total 96
variables. El puntaje final de cada sector empresarial o grupo de empresas evaluadas se
obtendrá a partir de la suma del puntaje estandarizado de cada pilar. Los tres primeros pilares
se recolectarán a partir de información pública y el cuarto pilar se recolectará a partir de una
encuesta de percepción. El ITC Perú propuesto fue validado por expertos en metodología y
lingüista, estadística y especialistas en transparencia corporativa.
El ITC Perú se aplicó a siete empresas del sector Construcción Industrial del Perú.
Los puntajes promedios de los pilares fueron: Gobierno Corporativo, 75.71%; Información
Financiera, 77.14%; Accesibilidad a la Información, 95%; y Percepción de Transparencia
Corporativa, 65.3%. La itinerancia de los resultados revela que las empresas evaluadas
deberían preocuparse más acerca de la Transparencia Corporativa que proyectan a sus grupos
de interés, especialmente en lo relacionado a la percepción de sus actividades.
The present investigation aims to construct a composite index capable of measuring the level of corporate transparency of a specific economic sector or business group which participate within the peruvian market. This study considers the existence of mechanisms, whereby businesses may offer investors a certain degree of guarantees regarding the level of corporate transparency which they show to the general public within their organization, to be of outmost importance; as well as the definition of a concept of corporate transparency in order to allow the determination of the study’s reach and real capacity to measure transparency in general. For the present study, corporate transparency has been defined as the oportune and relevant disclosure of information, in order to evaluate a specific organization (Lindstedt & Naurin, 2010). The Corporate Transparency Index Perú (ITC Perú) proposed in the present study is composed by four pillars: a) Corporate Governance, b) Financial Information, c) Information Accessibility and d) Transparency Perception. Each pillar is in turn composed by two factors, and each factor by seven variables, resulting in a total of 96 variables. The final score for the evaluated economic sector or business group under evaluation is obtained from the aggregation of each pillar’s standarized final score. The first three pillars will be measured through publicly available information , and the fourth pillar will be measured through a corporate perception survey. The proposed index has been validated by experts in methodology and linguistics, as well as statistics and the subject at hand. The ITC Perú has been applied on seven firms in the industrial construction market in Perú. The average scores for each pillar were: Corporate Gobernance, 75.71%; Financial Information, 77.14%; Information Accessibility, 95%; and Transparency Perception, 65.3%. These results reveal a need for the evaluated firms to focus on the perception of transparency that they communicate to their stakeholders, specially in relation to their own activities.
The present investigation aims to construct a composite index capable of measuring the level of corporate transparency of a specific economic sector or business group which participate within the peruvian market. This study considers the existence of mechanisms, whereby businesses may offer investors a certain degree of guarantees regarding the level of corporate transparency which they show to the general public within their organization, to be of outmost importance; as well as the definition of a concept of corporate transparency in order to allow the determination of the study’s reach and real capacity to measure transparency in general. For the present study, corporate transparency has been defined as the oportune and relevant disclosure of information, in order to evaluate a specific organization (Lindstedt & Naurin, 2010). The Corporate Transparency Index Perú (ITC Perú) proposed in the present study is composed by four pillars: a) Corporate Governance, b) Financial Information, c) Information Accessibility and d) Transparency Perception. Each pillar is in turn composed by two factors, and each factor by seven variables, resulting in a total of 96 variables. The final score for the evaluated economic sector or business group under evaluation is obtained from the aggregation of each pillar’s standarized final score. The first three pillars will be measured through publicly available information , and the fourth pillar will be measured through a corporate perception survey. The proposed index has been validated by experts in methodology and linguistics, as well as statistics and the subject at hand. The ITC Perú has been applied on seven firms in the industrial construction market in Perú. The average scores for each pillar were: Corporate Gobernance, 75.71%; Financial Information, 77.14%; Information Accessibility, 95%; and Transparency Perception, 65.3%. These results reveal a need for the evaluated firms to focus on the perception of transparency that they communicate to their stakeholders, specially in relation to their own activities.
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Keywords
Transparencia corporativa--Perú, Investigación cuantitativa
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