Factores de exito para mantener la licencia social en industrias extractivas
Date
2019-02-28
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y entender los
principales procesos de concertación y negociación, así como los indicadores de éxito y
mecanismos de monitoreo y seguimiento para mantener la licencia social en las industrias
extractivas. Para la presente investigación se toma en cuenta el análisis de dos casos exitosos
del sector minero para obtener y mantener la licencia social; el proyecto Quellaveco ubicado
en el departamento de Moquegua y el proyecto Tintaya ubicado en el departamento de Cusco.
Asimismo, este trabajo contempla entrevistas a expertos vinculados estrechamente con dichos
casos para entender a mayor profundidad la naturaleza de dichos procesos y validar cuales
son los aspectos relevantes que facilitan obtener y mantener la licencia social.
Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que existen varios factores clave que
contribuyen con los procesos de concertación, negociación, establecimiento de indicadores de
éxito y mecanismos de monitoreo y seguimiento para lograr obtener y mantener la licencia
social, entre los que destacan: (a) una adecuada identificación de stakeholders, sus intereses y
expectativas; (b) valores, cultura e historia de los stakeholders; (c) la disminución de
asimetrías existentes entre las capacidades técnicas y organizativas de los actores; (d) la
identificación de líderes locales legítimos que faciliten y contribuyan con estos procesos; (e)
un enfoque de negociación transformacional; (f) priorización de necesidades; (g) objetividad;
(h) cumplimiento de los acuerdos; (i) difusión del cumplimiento de los acuerdos; (j)
participación activa de los distintos actores en el monitoreo y seguimiento por grupos de
trabajo; y el (k) involucramiento de las diversas áreas internas de la empresa. Asimismo, para
lograr mantener exitosamente la licencia social se deben considerar estos procesos como
dinámicos, no estáticos y deben contemplarse a lo largo de todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto.
This research aims to identify and understand the main processes of concertation and negotiation, as well as success indicators and monitoring and tracking mechanisms to maintain the social license to operate in extractive industries. The present study takes into account the analysis of two successful cases in the mining sector to obtain and maintain the social license to operate, Quellaveco project located in the department of Moquegua and Tintaya project located in the department of Cusco. Also, this work includes interviews with experts linked to these cases, which helps for a deeper understanding of the nature of these processes and helps to validate relevant aspects which facilitate the obtaining and maintaining of the social license to operate. Among the main findings this research found that there are several factors of success which contribute to the processes of concertation, negotiation, establishing success indicators and monitoring and tracking mechanisms to achieve and maintain the social license to operate: (a) adequate identifying stakeholders, their interests, expectations; (b) values, culture and history; (c) lower asymmetries between the technical and organizational capacities of the stakeholders; (d) identifying local leaders to facilitate and contribute to these processes; (e) negotiating transformational approach; (f) prioritizing problems; (g) objectivity; (h) compliance agreements; (i) diffusion of compliance agreements; (j) active participation of the stakeholders in the monitoring and tracking through the formation of working groups; and (k) involvement of the various internal areas of the company. Also, to achieve a successful maintenance of the social license to operate, this research suggest to consider these processes as dynamic, not as statics, and these processes should be considered throughout the entire project life cycle.
This research aims to identify and understand the main processes of concertation and negotiation, as well as success indicators and monitoring and tracking mechanisms to maintain the social license to operate in extractive industries. The present study takes into account the analysis of two successful cases in the mining sector to obtain and maintain the social license to operate, Quellaveco project located in the department of Moquegua and Tintaya project located in the department of Cusco. Also, this work includes interviews with experts linked to these cases, which helps for a deeper understanding of the nature of these processes and helps to validate relevant aspects which facilitate the obtaining and maintaining of the social license to operate. Among the main findings this research found that there are several factors of success which contribute to the processes of concertation, negotiation, establishing success indicators and monitoring and tracking mechanisms to achieve and maintain the social license to operate: (a) adequate identifying stakeholders, their interests, expectations; (b) values, culture and history; (c) lower asymmetries between the technical and organizational capacities of the stakeholders; (d) identifying local leaders to facilitate and contribute to these processes; (e) negotiating transformational approach; (f) prioritizing problems; (g) objectivity; (h) compliance agreements; (i) diffusion of compliance agreements; (j) active participation of the stakeholders in the monitoring and tracking through the formation of working groups; and (k) involvement of the various internal areas of the company. Also, to achieve a successful maintenance of the social license to operate, this research suggest to consider these processes as dynamic, not as statics, and these processes should be considered throughout the entire project life cycle.
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Keywords
Industria minera--Perú, Industria minera--Aspectos sociales--Perú
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