Principio de Legalidad v. Supremacía Jurídica de la Constitución: la legitimidad del control difuso en sede administrativa a la luz de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional No. 3741-2004-AA/TC
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2022-08-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente informe gira en torno a una controversia jurídica originada por el precedente
vinculante que se desprende de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional en el contexto
del Caso Salazar Yarlenque. En aquel precedente vinculante, se legitimó la posibilidad
de que los órganos administrativos que reparten justicia puedan inaplicar normas
infraconstitucionales que se manifiesten como incongruentes con relación a valores
garantizados constitucionalmente y que reflejan el ordenamiento jurídico dentro de un
Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. No obstante, pasado varios años, otra sentencia
del sumo interprete constitucional decide dejar sin efecto el precedente vinculante materia
de esta controversia, en tanto arguye que se ha distorsionado la interpretación del alcance
de las funciones jurisdiccionales en el Estado según el cual esta función correspondería
exclusivamente al Poder Judicial y sus órganos adscritos.
En ese sentido, este trabajo de suficiencia profesional profundiza en la discusión
constitucional respecto de los límites y alcances de las funciones jurisdiccionales de la
administración pública como una de las entidades clave para el adecuado funcionamiento
del aparato estatal. En consecuencia, se analizará la validez de la aplicación del control
difuso, como herramienta jurídica legitimada por el artículo N.º 138 de la Constitución,
por parte de los órganos administrativos que reparten justicia para decidir por la
inaplicación de normas jurídicas que, aunque sean lícitas, representen un elemento
potencialmente perjudicial para el interés general y la defensa de los derechos
fundamentales de los administrados.
In this article, a legal controversy arises regarding the binding precedent established by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the context of the Salazar Yarlenque case. In the above-mentioned binding precedent, it was legitimized the possibility that the administrative agencies that impart justice can disregard infra-constitutional rules that are contradictory to the principles and values constitutionally guaranteed and that define legal system under a Social and Democratic State of Law. Nonetheless, many years later, a different ruling of the Constitutional Court decided to overturn the binding precedent that is subject of this controversial case, as it argued that the interpretation of the scope of the jurisdictional functions in the government has been misinterpreted, whereby these powers would exclusively concern Judiciary Branch and its associated institutions. In that regard, this article of professional sufficiency deepens in the constitutional discussion regarding the boundaries and scope of the jurisdictional functions of public administration as one of the key entities for the proper functioning of the state administration apparatus. Consequently, this paper will analyze the legitimacy of the application of diffuse control, as a legal tool authorized by article 138 of the Constitution, for administrative institutions that administer justice in order to rule on the inapplication of legal norms that, regardless of being lawful, represent a potentially harmful component to general interest and to the protection of fundamental rights of those who are subject to the administration.
In this article, a legal controversy arises regarding the binding precedent established by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the context of the Salazar Yarlenque case. In the above-mentioned binding precedent, it was legitimized the possibility that the administrative agencies that impart justice can disregard infra-constitutional rules that are contradictory to the principles and values constitutionally guaranteed and that define legal system under a Social and Democratic State of Law. Nonetheless, many years later, a different ruling of the Constitutional Court decided to overturn the binding precedent that is subject of this controversial case, as it argued that the interpretation of the scope of the jurisdictional functions in the government has been misinterpreted, whereby these powers would exclusively concern Judiciary Branch and its associated institutions. In that regard, this article of professional sufficiency deepens in the constitutional discussion regarding the boundaries and scope of the jurisdictional functions of public administration as one of the key entities for the proper functioning of the state administration apparatus. Consequently, this paper will analyze the legitimacy of the application of diffuse control, as a legal tool authorized by article 138 of the Constitution, for administrative institutions that administer justice in order to rule on the inapplication of legal norms that, regardless of being lawful, represent a potentially harmful component to general interest and to the protection of fundamental rights of those who are subject to the administration.
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Derecho constitucional--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Administración pública--Perú, Control difuso
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