Análisis de las praxeologías personales asociadas a las sucesiones en alumnos del quinto grado de secundaria
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2022-11-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La investigación que presentamos a continuación tiene por objetivo identificar las praxeologías personales asociadas a las sucesiones en estudiantes del quinto de secundaria; es decir, modelar y describir la relación del conocimiento del sujeto con las sucesiones. Nuestro estudio se desarrolla dentro del marco de la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD), donde utilizamos varios conceptos como, praxeología, generador de tarea, variables, alcance de la técnica y praxeología personal, herramientas que permiten describir y modelar la actividad matemática. Para alcanzar nuestro objetivo, se procedió en dos fases. La primera consistió en estudiar las relaciones institucionales; es decir, revisar el Currículo Nacional de la Educación Básica, descripción de los libros de texto y la construcción de un modelo praxeológico de referencia asociado a las sucesiones. La segunda fase consistió en el estudio de las relaciones personales, es decir que conocimiento tiene el estudiante sobre las sucesiones. Para ello, se elaboró un cuestionario, se plantearon posibles respuestas de los estudiantes y por último se analizaron las respuestas de los estudiantes, para determinar las praxeologías personales. De esta manera, identificamos 19 técnicas personales, además las técnicas representativas asociadas a las tareas hallar el término k-ésimo (k pequeño o grande) y término n-ésimo de una sucesión son: rarithmetic, rfactual y rsymbolic respectivamente. Asimismo se encontró que de las 19 técnicas movilizadas por los estudiantes, 5 de ellas eran técnicas erróneas. Consideramos relevante que los profesores conozcan las técnicas más representativas que movilizan los estudiantes para resolver una tarea, pues en base a esta información tomarán sus decisiones didácticas.
The present investigation aims to identify the personal praxeology associated with successions in fifth year high school students; that is, to model and describe the relationship of the student’s knowledge with the successions. Our study is developed within the framework of the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (TAD). In addition, various concepts are used, such as praxeology, task generator, variables, scope of technique and personal praxeology; these tools allow describing and modeling mathematical activity. To achieve our objective, we proceeded in two phases. The first one consisted of studying institutional relations; it included, reviewing the National Curriculum of Basic Education, description of the textbooks and the construction of a praxeological model of reference associated with the successions. The second phase consisted of the study of personal relationships, that is, what knowledge the student has about successions. To determine personal praxeology, it was required to design a questionnaire with possible responses from the students. In the end, the responses of 23 students were analyzed. Finally, eighteen personal praxeology were identified, as well as the representative technique associated with the tasks of finding the k-th term (small or large k) and the n-th term of a succession are: rarithmetic, rfactual y rsymbolic respectively. Furthermore, it was found that five of the eighteen techniques mobilized by the students, were erroneous. We consider that teachers should know the most representative techniques that students mobilize to solve a task, they will make their didactic decisions based on this information.
The present investigation aims to identify the personal praxeology associated with successions in fifth year high school students; that is, to model and describe the relationship of the student’s knowledge with the successions. Our study is developed within the framework of the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (TAD). In addition, various concepts are used, such as praxeology, task generator, variables, scope of technique and personal praxeology; these tools allow describing and modeling mathematical activity. To achieve our objective, we proceeded in two phases. The first one consisted of studying institutional relations; it included, reviewing the National Curriculum of Basic Education, description of the textbooks and the construction of a praxeological model of reference associated with the successions. The second phase consisted of the study of personal relationships, that is, what knowledge the student has about successions. To determine personal praxeology, it was required to design a questionnaire with possible responses from the students. In the end, the responses of 23 students were analyzed. Finally, eighteen personal praxeology were identified, as well as the representative technique associated with the tasks of finding the k-th term (small or large k) and the n-th term of a succession are: rarithmetic, rfactual y rsymbolic respectively. Furthermore, it was found that five of the eighteen techniques mobilized by the students, were erroneous. We consider that teachers should know the most representative techniques that students mobilize to solve a task, they will make their didactic decisions based on this information.
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Educación secundaria--Perú--Investigaciones, Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria), Educación y antropología
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