Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución Nº34, de fecha 12 de mayo de 2025, contenida en el Expediente Nº00028-2017-58-5001-JR-PE-01 (caso Alpha Consult S.A.)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe examina la Resolución N.° 34, emitida el 12 de mayo de 2025
por el Cuarto Juzgado Penal Colegiado Nacional, en el Caso Alpha Consult S.A.,
primer precedente peruano que aplica directamente la Ley N.º 30424 sobre
responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. El caso se vincula al Proyecto
IIRSA Sur – Tramo 2 y al esquema de corrupción de Odebrecht, atribuyéndose
a Alpha Consult S.A. operaciones de lavado de activos mediante préstamos
ficticios por más de US$ 398,000 y S/ 2 millones, así como una carta fianza por
US$ 100,000, presuntamente gestionados por su directivo Rómulo Jorge
Peñaranda Castañeda.
El estudio se sustenta en la Ley N.º 30424, el Decreto Legislativo N.º 1106 y
estándares internacionales como GAFI, OCDE e ISO 37001, entre otros. A partir
de ello, se identifican tres problemas centrales: la suficiencia de la imputación
penal contra la persona jurídica; los parámetros para evaluar Modelos de
Prevención de Delitos; y la distinción entre responsabilidad penal de la persona
jurídica y consecuencias accesorias del artículo 105 del Código Penal.
El análisis evidencia deficiencias relevantes en la sentencia: ausencia de
delimitación clara entre conducta individual y corporativa, falta de acreditación
del beneficio empresarial exigido por ley, insuficiente análisis temporal para su
aplicación y ausencia de una evaluación técnica del modelo de prevención. Estos
vacíos muestran la necesidad de criterios jurisprudenciales más precisos para
fortalecer la responsabilidad penal empresarial en el Perú.
The present report examines Resolution No. 34, issued on May 12, 2025 by the Fourth National Criminal Collegiate Court, in the Alpha Consult S.A. Case, the first Peruvian precedent that directly applies Law No. 30424 on the criminal liability of legal persons. The case is linked to the IIRSA South Project – Section 2 and the Odebrecht corruption scheme, attributing to Alpha Consult S.A. moneylaundering operations through fictitious loans exceeding US$ 398,000 and S/ 2 million, as well as a performance bond for US$ 100,000, allegedly managed by its executive Rómulo Jorge Peñaranda Castañeda. The study is based on Law No. 30424, Legislative Decree No. 1106, and international standards such as FATF, OECD, and ISO 37001, among others. From this framework, three central issues are identified: the sufficiency of the criminal imputations against the legal person; the parameters for assessing Crime Prevention Models; and the distinction between corporate criminal liability and the accessory consequences under Article 105 of the Peruvian Criminal Code. The analysis reveals significant deficiencies in the judgment: the absence of a clear distinction between individual and corporate conduct, the lack of accreditation of the corporate benefit required by law, insufficient temporal analysis for its application, and the absence of a technical evaluation of the prevention model. These gaps demonstrate the need for more precise jurisprudential criteria to strengthen corporate criminal liability in Peru.
The present report examines Resolution No. 34, issued on May 12, 2025 by the Fourth National Criminal Collegiate Court, in the Alpha Consult S.A. Case, the first Peruvian precedent that directly applies Law No. 30424 on the criminal liability of legal persons. The case is linked to the IIRSA South Project – Section 2 and the Odebrecht corruption scheme, attributing to Alpha Consult S.A. moneylaundering operations through fictitious loans exceeding US$ 398,000 and S/ 2 million, as well as a performance bond for US$ 100,000, allegedly managed by its executive Rómulo Jorge Peñaranda Castañeda. The study is based on Law No. 30424, Legislative Decree No. 1106, and international standards such as FATF, OECD, and ISO 37001, among others. From this framework, three central issues are identified: the sufficiency of the criminal imputations against the legal person; the parameters for assessing Crime Prevention Models; and the distinction between corporate criminal liability and the accessory consequences under Article 105 of the Peruvian Criminal Code. The analysis reveals significant deficiencies in the judgment: the absence of a clear distinction between individual and corporate conduct, the lack of accreditation of the corporate benefit required by law, insufficient temporal analysis for its application, and the absence of a technical evaluation of the prevention model. These gaps demonstrate the need for more precise jurisprudential criteria to strengthen corporate criminal liability in Peru.
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Responsabilidad penal de personas jurídicas--Perú, Lavado de dinero--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Crimen organizado
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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