El desarrollo de la conciencia política campesina: Los campesinos de Andahuaylas frente a la Reforma Agraria (1968-1978)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Esta tesis analizará el proceso de politización del campesinado de Andahuaylas entre los años 1968
y 1978, durante el Gobierno Revolucionario de las Fuerzas Armadas. El auge de la politización
campesina, ocurrida en un contexto de crisis y reforma, no solo significó el fin del sistema de
haciendas, sino también la consolidación del campesino como sujeto político y agente de cambio.
La toma de tierras de 1974, impulsada por la Confederación Campesina del Perú (CCP) y la
Federación Provincial de Campesinos de Andahuaylas (FEPCA), bajo la dirección de Vanguardia
Revolucionaria (VR), representó el punto cumbre de este proceso. Pese a la ruptura de VR y
posterior debilitamiento de la FEPCA, así como la respuesta estatal, las acciones del campesinado
en defensa de sus intereses continuaron.
A partir del estudio de fuentes primarias, como el Archivo Digital de la CCP, colecciones
documentales de la PUCP, publicaciones periódicas, testimonios de exlíderes campesinos y
entrevistas; esta tesis demostrará que la politización del movimiento campesino en Andahuaylas
se agudizó a partir de la construcción de ‘campesino’ como una identidad colectiva y la
promulgación de la Ley N° 17716, en 1969. El problema inicial, la posesión de la tierra, trajo
consigo nuevas disyuntivas: la forma de administrar la tierra y la participación política. Así, la
decisión de los campesinos de elegir a sus delegados y representantes para la Asamblea
Constituyente de 1978 significó la elección política consciente de la vía democrática por encima
de la revolucionaria.
This thesis will analyze the process of politicization of the peasantry in Andahuaylas between 1968 and 1978, during the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces. The rise of peasant politicization, which took place in a context of crisis and reform, not only marked the end of the hacienda system but also the consolidation of the peasant as a political subject and agent of change. The 1974 land seizure, led by the Confederación Campesina del Perú (CCP) and the Federación Provincial de Campesinos de Andahuaylas (FEPCA), under the direction of Vanguardia Revolucionaria (VR), represented the peak of this process. Despite the split within VR and the subsequent weakening of FEPCA, as well as the state’s response, the actions of the peasantry in defense of their interests continued. Based on the study of primary sources such as the CCP Digital Archive, documentary collections of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, periodical publications, testimonies of former peasant leaders, and interviews, this thesis will demonstrate that the politicization of the peasant movement in Andahuaylas intensified through the construction of “peasant” as a collective identity and the enactment of Law No. 17716 in 1969. The initial problem, land ownership, gave rise to new dilemmas: the management of land and political participation. Thus, the decision of the peasants to elect their delegates and representatives to the Constituent Assembly of 1978 signified a conscious political choice of the democratic path over the revolutionary one. Keywords: peasant movement, peasant communities, peasantry, Confederación Campesina del Perú (CCP), Vanguardia Revolucionaria (VR), politicization, political consciousness, Andahuaylas, agrarian reform, Velasco, Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (GRFA), Federación Provincial de Campesinos de Andahuaylas (FEPCA).
This thesis will analyze the process of politicization of the peasantry in Andahuaylas between 1968 and 1978, during the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces. The rise of peasant politicization, which took place in a context of crisis and reform, not only marked the end of the hacienda system but also the consolidation of the peasant as a political subject and agent of change. The 1974 land seizure, led by the Confederación Campesina del Perú (CCP) and the Federación Provincial de Campesinos de Andahuaylas (FEPCA), under the direction of Vanguardia Revolucionaria (VR), represented the peak of this process. Despite the split within VR and the subsequent weakening of FEPCA, as well as the state’s response, the actions of the peasantry in defense of their interests continued. Based on the study of primary sources such as the CCP Digital Archive, documentary collections of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, periodical publications, testimonies of former peasant leaders, and interviews, this thesis will demonstrate that the politicization of the peasant movement in Andahuaylas intensified through the construction of “peasant” as a collective identity and the enactment of Law No. 17716 in 1969. The initial problem, land ownership, gave rise to new dilemmas: the management of land and political participation. Thus, the decision of the peasants to elect their delegates and representatives to the Constituent Assembly of 1978 signified a conscious political choice of the democratic path over the revolutionary one. Keywords: peasant movement, peasant communities, peasantry, Confederación Campesina del Perú (CCP), Vanguardia Revolucionaria (VR), politicization, political consciousness, Andahuaylas, agrarian reform, Velasco, Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (GRFA), Federación Provincial de Campesinos de Andahuaylas (FEPCA).
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Reforma agraria--Perú--Andahuaylas (Apurímac : Provincia), Campesinos--Actividad política--Perú--Andahuaylas (Apurímac : Provincia), Perú--Historia--Gobierno Revolucionario de las Fuerzas Armadas--1968-1975
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