Polarización del mercado laboral peruano: Rutinización de ocupaciones dependientes y empleo
Date
2024-10-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este trabajo documenta la existencia de polarización en el mercado laboral
dependiente urbano y la relación con el nivel de rutinización de las ocupaciones de
2004 a 2021. La polarización se evidencia a través del crecimiento del empleo en los
grupos de alta y baja calificación a costa de una caída en el empleo de media
calificación. Para medir la rutinización se creó un índice a partir de información sobre
las tareas en las ocupaciones peruanas de la encuesta del Programa de Evaluación
de Competencias de Adultos. Se constató que las ocupaciones de alta calificación
exhiben un alto grado de rutina en comparación con otros grupos. Usando un modelo
de datos de panel con efectos fijos se encontró una relación negativa y significativa
entre la rutina y el empleo. Se estimó que las ocupaciones con una desviación
estándar mayor en el índice de rutina decrecen su tasa de crecimiento de empleo en
0.4 puntos porcentuales cada año. Los resultados sugieren que la rutinización
explica los niveles bajos de empleo en las ocupaciones de calificación media, que
son característicos de la polarización laboral.
This work documents the existence of polarization in the urban dependent labor market and the relationship with the level of routinization of occupations from 2004 to 2021. Polarization is evidenced through the growth of employment in high- and lowskilled groups at the expense of a fall in mid-skilled employment. To measure routinization, an index was created from information on tasks in Peruvian occupations from the Programme for the Assessment of Adult Competencies. It was found that high-skilled occupations exhibit a high degree of routine compared to other groups. Using a panel data model with fixed effects, a negative and significant relationship was found between routine and employment. occupations with a higher standard deviation in the routine index decrease their employment growth rate by 0.4 percentage points each year. The results suggest that routinization explains the low levels of employment in mid- skill occupations, which are characteristic of job polarization.
This work documents the existence of polarization in the urban dependent labor market and the relationship with the level of routinization of occupations from 2004 to 2021. Polarization is evidenced through the growth of employment in high- and lowskilled groups at the expense of a fall in mid-skilled employment. To measure routinization, an index was created from information on tasks in Peruvian occupations from the Programme for the Assessment of Adult Competencies. It was found that high-skilled occupations exhibit a high degree of routine compared to other groups. Using a panel data model with fixed effects, a negative and significant relationship was found between routine and employment. occupations with a higher standard deviation in the routine index decrease their employment growth rate by 0.4 percentage points each year. The results suggest that routinization explains the low levels of employment in mid- skill occupations, which are characteristic of job polarization.
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Keywords
Mercado de trabajo--Perú, Empleados-- Efectos de las innovaciones tecnológicas--Perú, Salarios--Perú
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