Factores que impiden el uso adecuado de los servicios de agua y saneamiento en las comunidades campesinas del ámbito de acción de los proyectos ejecutados por el Fondo Social Las Bambas. Estudio de caso de las comunidades Minascucho y Escohorno, Región Apurímac, durante el 2015
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Date
2019-09-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis realiza una descripción y explicación de los factores que impiden el uso
adecuado de los servicios de agua y saneamiento en las comunidades campesinas de
Minascucho y Escohorno, ubicadas en las provincias de Cotabambas y Grau del
departamento de Apurímac. Ambos proyectos fueron ejecutados por la Asociación Civil
Fondo Social Las Bambas (FOSBAM) con un presupuesto proveniente del Fondo
Fideicomiso Social Las Bambas, aportado por la empresa minera Xtrata Copper el 2004, los
mismos que presentan similitudes en cuanto a su ejecución y resultados obtenidos. Durante
la ejecución de los proyectos (2014 y 2015), la entidad responsable basó su implementación
en dos componentes, el de infraestructura y social, en el mismo que según la información
recogida tuvo mayor incidencia el primer componente. Por lo que se ha identificado que los
factores que impiden el uso adecuado están relacionados a la autogestión y sostenibilidad
del servicio implementado.
Se ha realizado un estudio de tipo cualitativo mediante el estudio de caso y se recogió
información de los diversos actores involucrados en la implementación y gestión del
proyecto, en la comunidad y el distrito donde se ejecutaron los proyectos, esto con el
objetivo de conocer a detalle los factores que han provocado que actualmente no se utilicen
adecuadamente estos servicios y la comunidad no esté en la capacidad de autogestión.
Durante la investigación se plantearon variables que permitieron recoger información en
relación a los problemas que buscó solucionar el proyecto, al enfoque de desarrollo que
tuvo, problemas de salud que atraviesa la población, uso de los servicios de agua y
saneamiento por parte de la población, implementación de los servicios de agua y
saneamiento acordes a la realidad social, hábitos de la población en el consumo de agua y
la disposición de excretas, participación de la población y de otros actores sociales antes,
durante y después del proyecto.
La presente investigación en Gerencia Social, además de describir y explicar los factores
determinantes del uso adecuado de los servicios de agua y saneamiento, presenta una
propuesta de mercadeo social, a fin de contribuir al cambio de actitud en los usuarios del
sector rural del departamento de Apurímac desde la intervención cogestionada entre
actores de los sectores público, privado y sociedad civil.
This research is a description and explanation of causes those do not allow a good use of water and sanitation services in two Quechua rural communities (Minascucho in Cotabambas province and Escohorno in Grau province) in Apurimac region. Both development projects had done by Las Bambas Social Found Association (FOSBAM) using the economic budget of the Scrow Social Found of Las Bambas (it was given by Xtrata Copper Mining Company in 2004). Both projects have similarities in how they were developed and their results. The execution of them was in 2014 and 2015 and the responsible entity decided to combine two components, social and infrastructure, but the second one was the predominant instead the first one. There had done a qualitative study of case in both communities, getting information of people who received the project, not only in the community, but also in the district where has been implemented the service. This was to know details about factors that caused why people are not using adequately and why they cannot manage by themselves the water and sanitation services. There were used different variables to get appropriate data related to problems that the project wanted to solve. For example, these variables allowed to get data about the project focus, health problems of the people around the area, how they use water and sanitation system, cultural factors related to new services, people habit in water consumption and sanitation, users involvement and other entities before, during and after the project execution. This research in social management not only describes which factors are determiners about adequately use of water and sanitation services, but also give a proposal of social marketing in order to contribute to change people habits and attitudes in rural communities in Apurimac, and for this purpose different entities from public, private sector and civil society should work together
This research is a description and explanation of causes those do not allow a good use of water and sanitation services in two Quechua rural communities (Minascucho in Cotabambas province and Escohorno in Grau province) in Apurimac region. Both development projects had done by Las Bambas Social Found Association (FOSBAM) using the economic budget of the Scrow Social Found of Las Bambas (it was given by Xtrata Copper Mining Company in 2004). Both projects have similarities in how they were developed and their results. The execution of them was in 2014 and 2015 and the responsible entity decided to combine two components, social and infrastructure, but the second one was the predominant instead the first one. There had done a qualitative study of case in both communities, getting information of people who received the project, not only in the community, but also in the district where has been implemented the service. This was to know details about factors that caused why people are not using adequately and why they cannot manage by themselves the water and sanitation services. There were used different variables to get appropriate data related to problems that the project wanted to solve. For example, these variables allowed to get data about the project focus, health problems of the people around the area, how they use water and sanitation system, cultural factors related to new services, people habit in water consumption and sanitation, users involvement and other entities before, during and after the project execution. This research in social management not only describes which factors are determiners about adequately use of water and sanitation services, but also give a proposal of social marketing in order to contribute to change people habits and attitudes in rural communities in Apurimac, and for this purpose different entities from public, private sector and civil society should work together
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Keywords
Agua--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos, Agua--Abastecimiento--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos, Comunidades campesinas--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos, Empresas mineras--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos, Conflictos sociales--Aspectos ambientales--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos, Responsabilidad social de las empresas--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos, Industria minera--Perú--Apurímac, Región--Estudio de casos
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