El fraccionamiento y surgimiento de nuevas bancadas parlamentarias en el Congreso de la República del Perú. Periodo parlamentario 2006-2011 y 2011-2016
Date
2023-09-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación de maestría busca documentar el fraccionamiento de las
bancadas parlamentarias dentro de los periodos legislativos 2006-2011 y
20112016, explicando por qué se dan estas fragmentaciones, así como la
formación de nuevas bancadas parlamentarias. Después de documentar esta
fragmentación, se plantea como causas de ésta, a las reglas formales que
provienen del Reglamento del Congreso, las reglas informales, como las
negociaciones individuales y el debilitamiento de los partidos políticos. Y también
explicando las consecuencias de estos fraccionamientos en las relaciones con el
Poder Ejecutivo, así como en el funcionamiento de la democracia (deslegitimación
y representación).
Asimismo, se muestran las consecuencias de estos fraccionamientos que tienen
que ver con la representación, producto de la transformación de los votos en
escaños, la deslegitimación del Congreso por la alteración de la correlación de
fuerzas establecida por el electorado, así como el debilitamiento del Congreso y el
cortoplacismo de las organizaciones políticas que se presentan en las elecciones.
Además, ante la pregunta: por qué existe una tendencia de fragmentación
parlamentaria y formación de nuevas bancadas parlamentarias, se enfocará desde
una perspectiva neoinstitucionalista, considerando para ello la coexistencia de
reglas formales e informales (por ejemplo, negociaciones con bancadas pequeñas
donde se ven el clientelismo, el patrimonialismo y la corrupción).
El alejamiento de una bancada puede ser atribuido a partidos frágiles y
desintitucionalizados, que son fáciles de fragmentarse; al Reglamento de
Congreso, que permite y regula la formación de nuevas bancadas y a reglas
informales que otorgan ventajas a congresistas que forman bancadas pequeñas y
permite a aquel negociar individualmente para obtener ventajas personales.
This master's research seeks to document the division of the parliamentary benches within the legislative periods 2006-2011 and 2011-2016, explaining why these fragmentations occur, as well as the formation of new parliamentary caucuses. After documenting this fragmentation, it was raises as causes of this, the formal rules that come from the Regulation of Congress, informal rules such as individual negotiations and the weakening of political parties. And also explaining the consequences of these divisions in relations with the Executive Branch, as well as in the functioning of democracy (delegitimization and representation). In the same way, the consequences of these divisions are shown that have to do with representation, product of the transformation of votes in seats, the delegitimization of the Congress by the alteration of the correlation of forces established by the electorate, as well as the weakening of the Congress and the short-termism of the Political organizations running in elections. In addition, when asked: why is there a tendency towards fragmentation parliamentary and formation of new parliamentary benches, will focus from a neo-institutionalist perspective, considering for this the coexistence of formal and informal rules (for example, negotiations with small benches where patronage, patrimonialism and corruption are seen). The distance from a bench can be attributed to fragile parties and deinstitutionalized, which are easy to fragment; to the Regulation of Congress, which allows and regulates the formation of new benches and rules informal that grant advantages to congressmen who form small benches and it allows him to negotiate individually for personal advantage.
This master's research seeks to document the division of the parliamentary benches within the legislative periods 2006-2011 and 2011-2016, explaining why these fragmentations occur, as well as the formation of new parliamentary caucuses. After documenting this fragmentation, it was raises as causes of this, the formal rules that come from the Regulation of Congress, informal rules such as individual negotiations and the weakening of political parties. And also explaining the consequences of these divisions in relations with the Executive Branch, as well as in the functioning of democracy (delegitimization and representation). In the same way, the consequences of these divisions are shown that have to do with representation, product of the transformation of votes in seats, the delegitimization of the Congress by the alteration of the correlation of forces established by the electorate, as well as the weakening of the Congress and the short-termism of the Political organizations running in elections. In addition, when asked: why is there a tendency towards fragmentation parliamentary and formation of new parliamentary benches, will focus from a neo-institutionalist perspective, considering for this the coexistence of formal and informal rules (for example, negotiations with small benches where patronage, patrimonialism and corruption are seen). The distance from a bench can be attributed to fragile parties and deinstitutionalized, which are easy to fragment; to the Regulation of Congress, which allows and regulates the formation of new benches and rules informal that grant advantages to congressmen who form small benches and it allows him to negotiate individually for personal advantage.
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Keywords
Perú. Congreso, Partidos políticos--Perú, Legisladores--Perú
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