Mecanismos de defensa en una mujer consultante con historia de violencia de género en un proceso de psicoterapia breve
Date
2022-08-16
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los investigadores señalan que la violencia contra la mujer ocurrida en el contexto de
una relación de pareja genera graves consecuencias en la víctima, debido al intento de
anulación, sometimiento, control y manipulación que ejerce la pareja. Además, agregan
que este tipo de violencia está relacionada con experiencias violentas previas que
vuelven a re-experimentarse en el vínculo de pareja. En este sentido, tiene un impacto
traumático, pues violenta los espacios mental, relacional y social. Aunque la psicología
clínica y el psicoanálisis se han interesado por estudiar la desestructuración psíquica y
los recursos afectados producto del trauma generado por la violencia, han existido
algunas dificultades en el abordaje de este fenómeno. Entre ellas, la tendencia a
psicopatologizar, la reducción de la violencia a nivel de síntomas, o a nivel intrapsíquico.
Ante ello, los mecanismos de defensa surgen de manera inconsciente como parte de
los recursos constitucionales de las personas para lograr una mejor adaptación a las
circunstancias. Así, los mecanismos de defensa cumplen un rol importante en el
afrontamiento de la violencia. Por tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo la comprensión
de los mecanismos de defensa que le habrían ayudado a una consultante en sus
experiencias de violencia de pareja. Los resultados dieron cuenta de la presencia de
dos grupos de defensas. El primero mostró una mayor presencia en las dinámicas
violentas, mientras que el segundo estuvo enfocado en fortalecer las capacidades
introspectivas y analíticas de la persona, permitiéndole lograr una mejor elaboración de
estas experiencias en el contexto de terapia.
Researchers point out that violence against women that occurs in the context of a couple relationship generates serious consequences for the victim, due to the attempted annulment, submission, control and manipulation exercised by the couple. In addition, they add that this type of violence is related to previous violent experiences that are re experienced in the relationship. In this sense, it has a traumatic impact, since it violates the mental, relational and social spaces. Although clinical psychology and psychoanalysis have been interested in studying psychic destructuring and the resources affected as a result of the trauma generated by violence, there have been some difficulties in dealing with this phenomenon. Among them, the tendency to psychopathologize, the reduction of violence at the level of symptoms, or at the intrapsychic level. Faced with this, defense mechanisms arise unconsciously as part of people's constitutional resources to achieve a better adaptation to circumstances. Thus, defense mechanisms play an important role in coping with violence. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the defense mechanisms that would have helped a consultant in her experiences of intimate partner violence. The results revealed the presence of two groups of defenses. The first showed a greater presence in violent dynamics, while the second was focused on strengthening the introspective and analytical capacities of the person, allowing them to achieve a better elaboration of these experiences in the context of therapy.
Researchers point out that violence against women that occurs in the context of a couple relationship generates serious consequences for the victim, due to the attempted annulment, submission, control and manipulation exercised by the couple. In addition, they add that this type of violence is related to previous violent experiences that are re experienced in the relationship. In this sense, it has a traumatic impact, since it violates the mental, relational and social spaces. Although clinical psychology and psychoanalysis have been interested in studying psychic destructuring and the resources affected as a result of the trauma generated by violence, there have been some difficulties in dealing with this phenomenon. Among them, the tendency to psychopathologize, the reduction of violence at the level of symptoms, or at the intrapsychic level. Faced with this, defense mechanisms arise unconsciously as part of people's constitutional resources to achieve a better adaptation to circumstances. Thus, defense mechanisms play an important role in coping with violence. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the defense mechanisms that would have helped a consultant in her experiences of intimate partner violence. The results revealed the presence of two groups of defenses. The first showed a greater presence in violent dynamics, while the second was focused on strengthening the introspective and analytical capacities of the person, allowing them to achieve a better elaboration of these experiences in the context of therapy.
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Keywords
Mecanismos de defensa (Psicología), Psicoterapia breve, Violencia contra la mujer