Estandarización del proceso especial de extinción de dominio en la lucha contra el lavado de activos
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación analiza la efectividad operativa de la DEPDILAPCOLL
en la lucha contra el delito de lavado de activos en la región La Libertad, abordando
su relación con la seguridad ciudadana, el crimen organizado y el Procedimiento
Especial de Extinción de Dominio. Este procedimiento, regulado por el Decreto
Legislativo N.° 1373 (2018), permite la incautación y expropiación de bienes vinculados
a actividades delictivas sin necesidad de una condena penal previa, enmarcado en
normativas como el DL 957 y el DL 1267.
El análisis identificó como problema central la disminución de la efectividad del
procedimiento de investigación del Proceso Especial de Extinción de Dominio entre
2019 y 2023, derivada de factores como limitaciones tecnológicas, desconocimiento de
modalidades delictivas emergentes, falta de claridad en los procedimientos y corrupción.
En respuesta, se diseñó un prototipo innovador basado en la causa raíz: la poca claridad
del proceso investigativo.
El resultado es el desarrollo de la app “NMI-PED” (Niveles de Madurez en la
Investigación del Proceso Especial de Extinción de Dominio), un aplicativo web de alta
resolución que estructura los pasos del procedimiento; permite adjuntar documentos
relevantes, y facilita el seguimiento cronológico de las investigaciones según estándares
legales. Este prototipo, realizado luego de visitas de campo y revisado por fiscales,
jueces y policías especializados, fue sometido a un análisis de deseabilidad, factibilidad
y viabilidad.
Como conclusión se obtuvo que el aplicativo es altamente deseable por su
capacidad para optimizar investigaciones y beneficiar a la sociedad. Es factible, ya que
los actores pueden utilizarlo sin asistencia externa y viable, al no requerir presupuesto
adicional ni prolongados tiempos de implementación. El “NMI-PED” se presenta como
una herramienta esencial para fortalecer la efectividad de la investigación en extinción
de dominio en la lucha contra el lavado de activos y el crimen organizado.
This research analyzes the operational effectiveness of DEPDILAPCO-LL in combating money laundering crimes in the La Libertad region, addressing its relationship with public safety, organized crime, and the Special Forfeiture Procedure. This procedure, regulated by Legislative Decree No. 1373 (2018), allows for the seizure and forfeiture of assets linked to criminal activities without the need for a prior criminal conviction, as outlined in regulations such as DL 957 and DL 1267. The analysis identified the central problem as the decreased effectiveness of the investigation procedure within the Special Forfeiture Process between 2019 and 2023. This decline stems from factors such as technological limitations, lack of awareness of emerging criminal modalities, unclear procedures, and corruption. In response, an innovative prototype was designed based on the root cause: the lack of clarity in the investigative process. The result is the development of the concept “NMI-PED” (Maturity Levels in the Investigation of the Special Forfeiture Process), a high-resolution web application that clearly structures the procedural steps, allows the attachment of relevant documents, and facilitates chronological tracking of investigations according to legal standards. This prototype, supported by field visits and validated by specialized prosecutors, judges, and police officers, underwent a rigorous analysis of desirability, feasibility, and viability. The evaluation concluded that the application is highly desirable due to its ability to optimize investigations and benefit society. It is feasible since the involved actors can use it without external assistance, and viable, as it does not require additional budget or extended implementation times. The “NMI-PED” is positioned as an essential tool to enhance investigative effectiveness, improve the quality of evidence, and ensure equitable processes in the fight against money laundering and organized crime.
This research analyzes the operational effectiveness of DEPDILAPCO-LL in combating money laundering crimes in the La Libertad region, addressing its relationship with public safety, organized crime, and the Special Forfeiture Procedure. This procedure, regulated by Legislative Decree No. 1373 (2018), allows for the seizure and forfeiture of assets linked to criminal activities without the need for a prior criminal conviction, as outlined in regulations such as DL 957 and DL 1267. The analysis identified the central problem as the decreased effectiveness of the investigation procedure within the Special Forfeiture Process between 2019 and 2023. This decline stems from factors such as technological limitations, lack of awareness of emerging criminal modalities, unclear procedures, and corruption. In response, an innovative prototype was designed based on the root cause: the lack of clarity in the investigative process. The result is the development of the concept “NMI-PED” (Maturity Levels in the Investigation of the Special Forfeiture Process), a high-resolution web application that clearly structures the procedural steps, allows the attachment of relevant documents, and facilitates chronological tracking of investigations according to legal standards. This prototype, supported by field visits and validated by specialized prosecutors, judges, and police officers, underwent a rigorous analysis of desirability, feasibility, and viability. The evaluation concluded that the application is highly desirable due to its ability to optimize investigations and benefit society. It is feasible since the involved actors can use it without external assistance, and viable, as it does not require additional budget or extended implementation times. The “NMI-PED” is positioned as an essential tool to enhance investigative effectiveness, improve the quality of evidence, and ensure equitable processes in the fight against money laundering and organized crime.
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Palabras clave
Policía Nacional (Perú), Crimen organizado--Perú--La Libertad, Investigación criminal--Perú--La Libertad, Lavado de dinero--Perú--La Libertad, Confiscación de bienes--Perú--La Libertad
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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