Legal change & Legal transplants: ¿ilusión o realidad? El caso de los punitive damages y los “daños punitivos” a través del V y VI Pleno Jurisdiccional Supremo en materia laboral y previsional en el Perú
Date
2025-01-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La presente investigación aborda un análisis de Derecho Comparado Privado entre Perú y Estados Unidos,
principalmente en la figura de los punitive damages y su potencial implementación en el sistema legal
peruano. A través del fenómeno del legal transplant y el legal change se identificarán las principales
diferencias entre las tradiciones jurídicas del Civil Law y el Common Law para examinar la regulación de
la responsabilidad contractual en el ordenamiento peruano y norteamericano. Se discute respecto a la
prohibición general de punitive damages en casos de breach of contract para los Estados Unidos de América
como una regla desfazada y se establece la incorporación de aquello que los Plenos Jurisdiccionales
Laborales llamaron “daños punitivos” como el inicio de un efectivo proceso de transformación legal.
Asimismo, se propone la tropicalización de los punitive damages en Perú bajo el concepto de
indemnizaciones punitivas, considerando la opresión contractual como el criterio objetivo para su
implementación. Este estudio sugiere que la introducción de la indemnización punitiva, de acuerdo a un
trabajo de comparación acertado, puede mejorar la justicia y eficiencia respecto a objetivos de punición,
disuasión y compensación en la responsabilidad civil peruana, ello siempre que se establezcan límites claros
para evitar abusos de la institución.
This research addresses a Comparative Private Law analysis between Peru and the United States, primarily focusing on the punitive damages and their potential implementation in the Peruvian legal system. Through the phenomenon of legal transplant and legal change, the main differences between the legal traditions of Civil Law and Common Law will be identified to examine the regulation of contractual liability in the Peruvian and American legal systems. The discussion revolves around the general prohibition of punitive damages in cases of breach of contract for the United States, seen as an outdated rule, and the incorporation of what the Labor Jurisdictional Plenums called "daños punitivos" as the beginning of an effective legal transformation process. Additionally, the tropicalization of punitive damages in Peru is proposed under the concept of “indemnizaciones punitivas”, considering contractual oppression as the objective criterion for their implementation. This study suggests that the introduction of “indemnizaciones punitivas”, based on a thorough comparison work, can enhance justice and efficiency regarding the goals of punishment, deterrence, and compensation in Peruvian civil liability, provided that clear limits are established to prevent abuses of the institution.
This research addresses a Comparative Private Law analysis between Peru and the United States, primarily focusing on the punitive damages and their potential implementation in the Peruvian legal system. Through the phenomenon of legal transplant and legal change, the main differences between the legal traditions of Civil Law and Common Law will be identified to examine the regulation of contractual liability in the Peruvian and American legal systems. The discussion revolves around the general prohibition of punitive damages in cases of breach of contract for the United States, seen as an outdated rule, and the incorporation of what the Labor Jurisdictional Plenums called "daños punitivos" as the beginning of an effective legal transformation process. Additionally, the tropicalization of punitive damages in Peru is proposed under the concept of “indemnizaciones punitivas”, considering contractual oppression as the objective criterion for their implementation. This study suggests that the introduction of “indemnizaciones punitivas”, based on a thorough comparison work, can enhance justice and efficiency regarding the goals of punishment, deterrence, and compensation in Peruvian civil liability, provided that clear limits are established to prevent abuses of the institution.
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Keywords
Derecho comparado--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Daño--Legislación--Perú, Responsabilidad civil--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Obligaciones (Derecho)--Perú
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