Informe sobre la Sentencia de la Corte Suprema - Casación Nº 704- 2020-LIMA: Acerca de la controversia que existe sobre la naturaleza jurídica del canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico
Date
2025-03-06
Authors
Borjas Soriano, Venus Haydé
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El debate sobre la naturaleza jurídica del pago del canon por el uso del espectro
radioeléctrico, esto es, si se trata de una retribución económica o un tributo, ha sido
objeto de una larga controversia que se mantiene y existe entre distintas instancias
e instituciones de nuestro Estado. Esto se da, principalmente, porque su naturaleza
jurídica no se encuentra recogida de forma expresa por nuestra legislación nacional.
Así las cosas, por ejemplo, se tiene que, tanto en instancia judicial representada por
el Poder Judicial como en instancia administrativa representada por el Ministerio de
Transportes y Comunicaciones, consideran que dicho pago se trata de una
retribución económica; mientras que, por otro lado, el TF (instancia administrativa)
considera que el pago del canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico tiene
naturaleza tributaria. Asimismo, esta controversia, la cual se caracteriza por tener
dos posiciones completamente opuestas, ha supuesto que se discutan numerosos
casos, tanto en la vía judicial como la administrativa, sin tener, hasta el momento,
una posición clara y consensuada a nivel nacional sobre la naturaleza de dicho
canon. En ese sentido, el propósito del presente informe, para el cual se toma como
referencia la Casación N° 704-2020-LIMA, es exponer y analizar los principales
argumentos que se han presentado de cada lado, para que, a partir de ello se
proponga una línea argumentativa que pueda ser considerada al momento de
interpretar nuestra legislación nacional, lo cual será de utilidad a efectos de
esclarecer la naturaleza jurídica no solo del canon, objeto del presente informe, sino
también de cualquier otro bien público, cuyo uso o aprovechamiento, pueda suscitar
los mismos cuestionamientos. Asimismo, desde un enfoque constitucional, se
observa que esta controversia ha supuesto una vulneración del principio de
seguridad jurídica, por lo cual, se analiza cual sería una posible solución, para dar,
finalmente, por terminada esta controversia.
The debate on the legal nature of the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum, that is, whether if it is a commercial payment or if it is a tax, has been the subject of a long controversy that is maintained and exists between different instances and institutions of our country. This occurs, mainly, because its legal nature is not expressly included in our national legislation. Thus, for example, both in the judicial instance represented by the Judicial Branch and in the administrative instance represented by the Ministry of Transport and Communications, they consider that it is a commercial payment; while, on the other hand, the Tax Court (administrative instance) considers that the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum is tax in nature. Likewise, this controversy, which is characterized by having two completely opposite positions, has meant that numerous cases are discussed, both judicially and administratively, without having, to date, a clear and agreed position at the national level on the nature of said “canon”. In that sense, the purpose of this report, for which “Casación No. 704-2020-LIMA” is taken as a reference, is to expose and analyze the main arguments that have been presented on each side, so that, based on this, propose a line of argument that can be considered when interpreting our national legislation, which will be useful for the purposes of clarifying the legal nature not only of the canon, the subject of this report, but also of any other public good, whose use or exploitation , can raise the same questions. Likewise, from a constitutional approach, it is observed that this controversy has led to an infringement of the principle of legal certainty, therefore, what would be one possible solution is analyzed to finally end this controversy.
The debate on the legal nature of the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum, that is, whether if it is a commercial payment or if it is a tax, has been the subject of a long controversy that is maintained and exists between different instances and institutions of our country. This occurs, mainly, because its legal nature is not expressly included in our national legislation. Thus, for example, both in the judicial instance represented by the Judicial Branch and in the administrative instance represented by the Ministry of Transport and Communications, they consider that it is a commercial payment; while, on the other hand, the Tax Court (administrative instance) considers that the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum is tax in nature. Likewise, this controversy, which is characterized by having two completely opposite positions, has meant that numerous cases are discussed, both judicially and administratively, without having, to date, a clear and agreed position at the national level on the nature of said “canon”. In that sense, the purpose of this report, for which “Casación No. 704-2020-LIMA” is taken as a reference, is to expose and analyze the main arguments that have been presented on each side, so that, based on this, propose a line of argument that can be considered when interpreting our national legislation, which will be useful for the purposes of clarifying the legal nature not only of the canon, the subject of this report, but also of any other public good, whose use or exploitation , can raise the same questions. Likewise, from a constitutional approach, it is observed that this controversy has led to an infringement of the principle of legal certainty, therefore, what would be one possible solution is analyzed to finally end this controversy.
Description
Keywords
Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Servicios públicos--Regulación--Perú, Telecomunicaciones--Legislación--Perú, Recurso de casación--Legislación--Perú, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional