El personal de salud como burócratas de la calle: una mirada hacia su rol en la implementación de guías y protocolos de abordaje de violencia de género en un hospital de Huaraz
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación analiza el rol del personal de salud como burócratas
de la calle en la implementación de políticas contra la violencia de género en el
Hospital Víctor Ramos Guardia de Áncash, dentro del Plan Nacional 2016-2021. El
estudio destaca que la violencia de género también ocurre en espacios estatales,
donde las decisiones, percepciones y concepciones previas modifican las acciones
del personal e impactan directamente en las usuarias. La investigación busca
identificar los factores que influyen en el actuar del personal de salud en los servicios
de emergencia y el consultorio de planificación familiar del hospital. Se propone dos
factores principales que influyen en su actuación: las construcciones previas del
personal sobre violencia, sexualidad y género, que generan discrepancias en la
aplicación de los protocolos; y las barreras institucionales, como la falta de
coordinación, recursos y capacitación. Los hallazgos, obtenidos mediante un método
cualitativo con entrevistas y observación, revelan que una infraestructura inadecuada
y la falta de materiales dificultan una atención especializada y confidencial. Asimismo,
la sobrecarga laboral y la escasez de personal capacitado afectan gravemente la
calidad del servicio. Se constata que las creencias personales del staff influyen
significativamente en la implementación de las políticas. Se concluye afirmando que,
para una aplicación efectiva de estas políticas públicas no solo se requieren recursos
adecuados, sino también un cambio profundo en las creencias del personal de salud
y una capacitación continua en enfoque de género para reducir las brechas en la
atención y garantizar un servicio libre de prejuicios.
This research analyzes the role of healthcare personnel as street-level bureaucrats in the implementation of policies against gender-based violence at the Hospital Víctor Ramos Guardia in Ancash, within the framework of the 2016-2021 National Plan. The study highlights that gender-based violence also occurs in state settings, where the decisions, perceptions, and preconceived notions of the staff modify their actions and directly impact female users. The research seeks to identify the factors influencing the actions of healthcare personnel in the emergency services and the family planning clinic of the hospital. Two main factors are proposed: the staff's pre-existing beliefs about violence, sexuality, and gender, which lead to discrepancies in the application of protocols; and institutional barriers, such as a lack of coordination, resources, and training. The findings, obtained through a qualitative method involving interviews and observation, reveal that inadequate infrastructure and a lack of materials hinder specialized and confidential care. Furthermore, work overload and a shortage of trained personnel severely affect the quality of service. It is confirmed that the personal beliefs of the staff significantly influence policy implementation. It is concluded that for the effective application of these public policies, not only are adequate resources required, but also a profound change in the beliefs of the healthcare staff and continuous training in gender perspective to reduce gaps in care and guarantee a prejudice-free service.
This research analyzes the role of healthcare personnel as street-level bureaucrats in the implementation of policies against gender-based violence at the Hospital Víctor Ramos Guardia in Ancash, within the framework of the 2016-2021 National Plan. The study highlights that gender-based violence also occurs in state settings, where the decisions, perceptions, and preconceived notions of the staff modify their actions and directly impact female users. The research seeks to identify the factors influencing the actions of healthcare personnel in the emergency services and the family planning clinic of the hospital. Two main factors are proposed: the staff's pre-existing beliefs about violence, sexuality, and gender, which lead to discrepancies in the application of protocols; and institutional barriers, such as a lack of coordination, resources, and training. The findings, obtained through a qualitative method involving interviews and observation, reveal that inadequate infrastructure and a lack of materials hinder specialized and confidential care. Furthermore, work overload and a shortage of trained personnel severely affect the quality of service. It is confirmed that the personal beliefs of the staff significantly influence policy implementation. It is concluded that for the effective application of these public policies, not only are adequate resources required, but also a profound change in the beliefs of the healthcare staff and continuous training in gender perspective to reduce gaps in care and guarantee a prejudice-free service.
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Personal médico--Perú--Huaraz (Áncash : Provincia), Violencia contra la mujer--Perú--Huaraz (Áncash : Provincia), Hospitales--Perú--Huaraz (Áncash : Provincia), Salud pública--Perú--Huaraz (Áncash : Provincia)
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