Iniciado el plazo para laudar: ¿qué opción tienen las partes cuando se producen hechos que generan dudas justificadas?
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El arbitraje es un mecanismo alternativo de resolución de controversias donde la voluntad
de las partes y el actuar del árbitro tienen un rol fundamental para que se pueda emitir la
decisión que resuelva las controversias.
El árbitro es el profesional que va a dirigir de manera imparcial e independiente todo el
arbitraje. Sin embargo, ¿qué sucede cuando no actúa de esa manera? Las partes entonces
pueden interponer una recusación.
La recusación se puede interponer en ese supuesto, pero solo hasta antes de que se emita
la decisión que inicia el plazo para la emisión del laudo arbitral, ya que, luego de ello,
será declarada improcedente de acuerdo a lo establecido en el Decreto Legislativo
N°1071.
En ese sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar si es que existe un
mecanismo para las partes frente a un supuesto de dudas sobre imparcialidad y/o
independencia una vez iniciado el plazo para la emisión del laudo arbitral.
Por lo que, primero, se definirá la independencia e imparcialidad de los árbitros y el
impacto de ambos conceptos en el desarrollo del arbitraje. Segundo, se conceptualizará
el deber de revelación vinculado a la duda justificada y la recusación como mecanismo
de protección de las partes. Tercero, se hará referencia a la decisión que establece el plazo
para la emisión del laudo arbitral y los conflictos de intereses que pueden surgir en ese
momento. Finalmente, se analizará si existen mecanismos para las partes frente a hechos
que generan dudas justificadas una vez iniciado el plazo para laudar.
Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism where the will of the parties and the actions of the arbitrator play a fundamental role in the issuance of a decision that resolves the dispute. The arbitrator is the professional who will impartially and independently conduct the entire arbitration. However, what happens when he or she fails to act in this manner? The parties may then file a challenge. A challenge may be filed in this case, but only before the decision that initiates the period for issuing the arbitral award is issued, since, after that, it will be declared inadmissible in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 1071. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze whether there is a mechanism for the parties to address doubts about impartiality and/or independence once the period for issuing the arbitral award has begun. Therefore, first, the independence and impartiality of the arbitrators and the impact of both concepts on the conduct of the arbitration will be defined. Second, the duty of disclosure related to justifiable doubt and recusal as a mechanism for protecting the parties will be conceptualized. Third, reference will be made to the decision establishing the deadline for issuing the arbitral award and the conflicts of interest that may arise at that time. Finally, we will analyze whether there are mechanisms for the parties to address facts that generate justifiable doubt once the deadline for issuing an arbitration award has begun.
Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism where the will of the parties and the actions of the arbitrator play a fundamental role in the issuance of a decision that resolves the dispute. The arbitrator is the professional who will impartially and independently conduct the entire arbitration. However, what happens when he or she fails to act in this manner? The parties may then file a challenge. A challenge may be filed in this case, but only before the decision that initiates the period for issuing the arbitral award is issued, since, after that, it will be declared inadmissible in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 1071. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze whether there is a mechanism for the parties to address doubts about impartiality and/or independence once the period for issuing the arbitral award has begun. Therefore, first, the independence and impartiality of the arbitrators and the impact of both concepts on the conduct of the arbitration will be defined. Second, the duty of disclosure related to justifiable doubt and recusal as a mechanism for protecting the parties will be conceptualized. Third, reference will be made to the decision establishing the deadline for issuing the arbitral award and the conflicts of interest that may arise at that time. Finally, we will analyze whether there are mechanisms for the parties to address facts that generate justifiable doubt once the deadline for issuing an arbitration award has begun.
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Palabras clave
Arbitraje y laudo, Resolución de disputas (Derecho), Derecho procesal civil--Legislación--Perú, Debido proceso