Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución S/N de fecha 25 de julio de 2023 del Expediente N° 1164-2021: la responsabilidad del empleador como garante: imputación objetiva del resultado muerte bajo el artículo 168-A del Código Penal
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente informe analiza si la infracción del deber de garante en materia de
seguridad y salud en el trabajo, atribuida al Gerente General de Corporación
Industrial Wash S.A.C., resulta suficiente para fundamentar la imputación
objetiva del resultado muerte del trabajador Elmer Santos Tocto y subsumir su
conducta en el artículo 168-A del Código Penal en su modalidad agravada. Para
ello, se examinan los hechos del caso y se aplican los principales instrumentos
normativos pertinentes, como lo es la Ley N° 29783, que establece las
obligaciones del empleador en la prevención de riesgos laborales; el artículo 50
del Código Procesal Civil, que reconoce la facultad orientadora del juez y, la
dogmática penal sobre la imputación objetiva y los delitos de infracción de deber,
desarrollada por diversos autores.
A partir del análisis se concluye que el Gerente General incumplió un deber
institucional, pues la empresa operaba sin ningún tipo de prevención de riesgos,
los cuales el Gerente tenía la obligación y el deber de controlar. La muerte del
trabajador representa la concreción del riesgo no permitido que la normativa
busca evitar, por lo que existe una conexión directa entre el deber infringido y el
resultado producido. Asimismo, se determinó que no existió una autopuesta en
peligro de la propia víctima que rompa el nexo de imputación. Finalmente, se
determinó que el Tribunal tenía las facultades para exhortar a la empresa a
implementar un programa de cumplimiento orientado a corregir estas
deficiencias.
The present report examines whether the breach of the duty of guarantor in matters of occupational health and safety—attributed to the General Manager of Corporación Industrial Wash S.A.C.—is sufficient to establish the objective imputation of the worker Elmer Santos Tocto’s death and to subsume his conduct under Article 168-A of the Peruvian Criminal Code in its aggravated form. To address this question, the facts of the case are analyzed alongside the main applicable normative instruments, such as Law No. 29783, which sets forth the employer’s obligations in the prevention of occupational risks; Article 50 of the Civil Procedure Code, which recognizes the court’s guiding authority; and the criminal law doctrine on objective imputation and duty-based offenses developed by various scholars. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the General Manager failed to comply with an institutional duty, as the company operated without any system of risk prevention, despite his legal obligation to supervise and control such risks. The worker’s death represents the materialization of the prohibited risk that the regulatory framework seeks to prevent, thereby establishing a direct connection between the breached duty and the harmful result. Likewise, it was determined that there was no self-endangerment by the victim capable of interrupting the chain of imputation. Finally, it was concluded that the Court had the authority to urge the company to implement a compliance program aimed at correcting these deficiencies.
The present report examines whether the breach of the duty of guarantor in matters of occupational health and safety—attributed to the General Manager of Corporación Industrial Wash S.A.C.—is sufficient to establish the objective imputation of the worker Elmer Santos Tocto’s death and to subsume his conduct under Article 168-A of the Peruvian Criminal Code in its aggravated form. To address this question, the facts of the case are analyzed alongside the main applicable normative instruments, such as Law No. 29783, which sets forth the employer’s obligations in the prevention of occupational risks; Article 50 of the Civil Procedure Code, which recognizes the court’s guiding authority; and the criminal law doctrine on objective imputation and duty-based offenses developed by various scholars. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the General Manager failed to comply with an institutional duty, as the company operated without any system of risk prevention, despite his legal obligation to supervise and control such risks. The worker’s death represents the materialization of the prohibited risk that the regulatory framework seeks to prevent, thereby establishing a direct connection between the breached duty and the harmful result. Likewise, it was determined that there was no self-endangerment by the victim capable of interrupting the chain of imputation. Finally, it was concluded that the Court had the authority to urge the company to implement a compliance program aimed at correcting these deficiencies.
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Seguridad ocupacional, Responsabilidad social de las empresas--Perú, Derecho penal económico
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item.page.review
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