Modeling the trend, persistence, and volatility of inflation in Pacific Alliance countries: An empirical application using a model with inflation bands
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Este artículo estima y analiza la dinámica de la inflación tendencial, así como
la persistencia y volatilidad de la brecha inflacionaria en los países de la Alianza del
Pacifico (Chile, Colombia, México y Perú). Para ello, el enfoque econométrico se
basa en las metodologías propuestas por Stock y Watson (2007) y Chan et al.
(2013). Entre ellos, el modelo AR-TrendBound considera las implicaciones de las
metas de inflación al estimar los componentes no observados de la inflación. Los
resultados indican que este modelo efectivamente asigna la mayor parte del
componente permanente a la inflación tendencial. Además, en los cuatro países se
observa una tendencia decreciente de la inflación en la década de 1990, una
estabilización en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI y una tendencia creciente
de la inflación tras el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19. Los bajos niveles de
persistencia de la brecha de inflación antes de la pandemia reflejan la eficacia de
los bancos centrales para mantener la inflación cerca de su nivel tendencial.
Finalmente, la volatilidad de la brecha de inflación identifica la “Gran Moderación”
de la inflación, con aumentos de la volatilidad durante la pandemia alcanzando
niveles similares a los estimados en los años noventa.
This thesis estimates and analyzes the dynamics of trend inflation, as well as the persistence and volatility of the inflation gap in the Pacific Alliance countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru). The econometric approach is based on the methodologies proposed by Stock and Watson (2007) and Chan et al. (2013). Among them, the AR-Trend-Bound model accounts for the implications of inflation targeting when estimating the unobserved components of inflation. The results indicate that this model effectively assigns the largest share of the permanent component to trend inflation. Moreover, across the four countries, a declining trend in inflation is observed during the 1990s, followed by stabilization in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, and an upward trajectory after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The low levels of inflation gap persistence prior to the pandemic reflect the effectiveness of central banks in maintaining inflation close to its trend level. Finally, the volatility of the inflation gap identifies the “Great Moderation” of inflation, with volatility rising during the pandemic to levels comparable to those estimated in the 1990s.
This thesis estimates and analyzes the dynamics of trend inflation, as well as the persistence and volatility of the inflation gap in the Pacific Alliance countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru). The econometric approach is based on the methodologies proposed by Stock and Watson (2007) and Chan et al. (2013). Among them, the AR-Trend-Bound model accounts for the implications of inflation targeting when estimating the unobserved components of inflation. The results indicate that this model effectively assigns the largest share of the permanent component to trend inflation. Moreover, across the four countries, a declining trend in inflation is observed during the 1990s, followed by stabilization in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, and an upward trajectory after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The low levels of inflation gap persistence prior to the pandemic reflect the effectiveness of central banks in maintaining inflation close to its trend level. Finally, the volatility of the inflation gap identifies the “Great Moderation” of inflation, with volatility rising during the pandemic to levels comparable to those estimated in the 1990s.
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Inflación (Finanzas)--América Latina--Siglo XXI, Alianza del Pacífico (Organización : América Latina), Econometría
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