¿Un enclave chino en el Puerto de Chancay? La influencia del modelo de desarrollo peruano en la titularidad del primer hub portuario en el Pacífico sudamericano (2011 – 2019)
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2025-04-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
Desde el año 2019, la construcción y próxima inauguración del Terminal
Portuario Multipropósito de Chancay (TPMCH) se ha convertido en uno de los
principales temas de interés en materia internacional para el Perú. Este proyecto de
infraestructura, cuya inversión inicial es de 1300 millones de dólares, destaca entre
otros debido a su importancia geoeconómica en la región. Será el primer puerto con
la capacidad de transportar mercancías desde Sudamérica hacia el continente asiático
de manera directa, constituyendo de esa manera una nueva ruta comercial que
reducirá el tiempo de viaje de 35 a 23 días. Asimismo, la construcción y administración
del puerto está a cargo de la empresa estatal china Cosco Shipping Ports junto a una
participación minoritaria de la empresa peruana Volcan S.A.A. Este proyecto forma
parte del acelerado avance de la presencia de capitales chinos en los activos
estratégicos del Perú, siendo este uno particular dada su naturaleza 100% privada.
En ese sentido, la presente tesis tiene por objetivo identificar las razones por las que
la titularidad del TPMCH pertenece totalmente a capitales empresariales,
considerando su importancia estratégica para la nación. Se entiende esta situación a
partir del concepto de modelo de desarrollo que particularmente se implementó en el
Perú. Este se desagrega en tres explicaciones concretas: a partir del marco
institucional del desarrollo económico, del liderazgo de la empresa Volcan S.A.A. entre
los años 2011 y 2016 y del patrocinio institucional del Estado Peruano entre el 2016 y
2019. Después de una investigación de tipo cualitativa y descriptiva, se concluye que
la agencia empresarial es la principal responsable del proyecto gracias al apoyo
político y a las particulares leyes de inversión en el Perú.
Since 2019, the construction and upcoming inauguration of the Multipurpose Port Terminal of Chancay (TPMCH) has become one of the main topics of international interest for Peru. This infrastructure project, with an initial investment of 1.3 billion dollars, stands out among others due to its geo-economic importance in the region. It will be the first port with the capacity to transport goods from South America to Asia directly, thus constituting a new trade route that will reduce travel time from 35 to 23 days. Likewise, the construction and management of the port are carried out by the Chinese state-owned company Cosco Shipping Ports, along with a minority participation of the Peruvian company Volcan S.A.A. This project is part of the accelerated advancement of Chinese capital presence in Peru's strategic assets, with this one being particularly noteworthy due to its 100% private nature. In this sense, the purpose of this thesis is to identify the reasons why the ownership of TPMCH belongs entirely to corporate capital, considering its strategic importance for the nation. This situation is understood from the concept of development model that was particularly implemented in Peru. This model is broken down into three concrete explanations: based on the institutional framework of economic development, the leadership of Volcan S.A.A. between 2011 and 2016, and the institutional sponsorship of the Peruvian State between 2016 and 2019. After a qualitative and descriptive investigation, it is concluded that corporate agency is the main responsible for the project thanks to political support and the particular investment laws in Peru.
Since 2019, the construction and upcoming inauguration of the Multipurpose Port Terminal of Chancay (TPMCH) has become one of the main topics of international interest for Peru. This infrastructure project, with an initial investment of 1.3 billion dollars, stands out among others due to its geo-economic importance in the region. It will be the first port with the capacity to transport goods from South America to Asia directly, thus constituting a new trade route that will reduce travel time from 35 to 23 days. Likewise, the construction and management of the port are carried out by the Chinese state-owned company Cosco Shipping Ports, along with a minority participation of the Peruvian company Volcan S.A.A. This project is part of the accelerated advancement of Chinese capital presence in Peru's strategic assets, with this one being particularly noteworthy due to its 100% private nature. In this sense, the purpose of this thesis is to identify the reasons why the ownership of TPMCH belongs entirely to corporate capital, considering its strategic importance for the nation. This situation is understood from the concept of development model that was particularly implemented in Peru. This model is broken down into three concrete explanations: based on the institutional framework of economic development, the leadership of Volcan S.A.A. between 2011 and 2016, and the institutional sponsorship of the Peruvian State between 2016 and 2019. After a qualitative and descriptive investigation, it is concluded that corporate agency is the main responsible for the project thanks to political support and the particular investment laws in Peru.
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Keywords
Puertos--Perú--Chancay, Planificación estratégica--Perú, Inversión extranjera--Perú--China, Transporte marítimo--Perú
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