Ventajas y desafíos de la crítica inmanente a la ideología como método de análisis y crítica social
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2023-11-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo busca abordar las ventajas de la crítica inmanente a la ideología como
método para hacer crítica y análisis social. La principal referencia del proyecto es la propuesta de
crítica inmanente desarrollada por Rahel Jaeggi. Este texto parte de la pregunta de si es posible
plantear una crítica social significativa sin caer en los problemas metodológicos del universalismo o el
convencionalismo. Es decir, la posibilidad de plantear una crítica que mantenga el punto de referencia
normativo y que, a su vez, no restrinja los criterios de racionalidad a aquellos propios del lugar de
enunciación. Para elaborar los objetivos e influencias de la crítica inmanente a la ideología como un
método para la Teoría crítica, se tomarán referencias de Allen, Haslanger y Horkheimer. Los sistemas
de creencias como concepto central para un análisis pragmatista se definirán desde las perspectivas
holistas de Bohman y Brandom. Con esto, se justificará por qué la aproximación del pragmatismo
pluralista es adecuada para la crítica de las formas de vida en el contexto contemporáneo. Luego, para
delimitar las pautas metodológicas de la crítica inmanente, se tomarán las contribuciones de Jaeggi,
Casuso y Celikates. Finalmente, la propuesta de solución para las dificultades normativas del
conocimiento situado apelará al concepto de horizonte de sentido de Gadamer.
This work aims to assess the advantages of the immanent critique of ideology as a method for social critique and analysis. The main reference for the project is the immanent critique proposal developed by Rahel Jaeggi. This text begins with the question of whether or not it is possible to establish significant social critique without falling into the methodological problems of universalism nor conventionalism. That is the possibility of establishing a critique that maintains a normative standpoint and, at the same time, does not restrict itself to the rationality of its point of enunciation. To elaborate the objectives and the influences of the immanent critique of ideology as a method for Critical Theory, references of Allen, Haslanger and Horkheimer will be considered. Belief systems -as a key concept for the pragmatist approach attempted here- will be defined from the holistic perspectives of Bohman and Brandom. In this way, I will make a case for pragmatist pluralism as an adequate approach to the critique of forms of life in the contemporary context. Then, to outline the methodological guideline of immanent critique, I will consider the contributions of Jaeggi, Casuso and Celikates. Finally, the suggestion intended to solve the normative difficulties of situated knowledge will use the concept of horizon of understanding from Gadamer’s work.
This work aims to assess the advantages of the immanent critique of ideology as a method for social critique and analysis. The main reference for the project is the immanent critique proposal developed by Rahel Jaeggi. This text begins with the question of whether or not it is possible to establish significant social critique without falling into the methodological problems of universalism nor conventionalism. That is the possibility of establishing a critique that maintains a normative standpoint and, at the same time, does not restrict itself to the rationality of its point of enunciation. To elaborate the objectives and the influences of the immanent critique of ideology as a method for Critical Theory, references of Allen, Haslanger and Horkheimer will be considered. Belief systems -as a key concept for the pragmatist approach attempted here- will be defined from the holistic perspectives of Bohman and Brandom. In this way, I will make a case for pragmatist pluralism as an adequate approach to the critique of forms of life in the contemporary context. Then, to outline the methodological guideline of immanent critique, I will consider the contributions of Jaeggi, Casuso and Celikates. Finally, the suggestion intended to solve the normative difficulties of situated knowledge will use the concept of horizon of understanding from Gadamer’s work.
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Teoría crítica, Hermenéutica, Ideología, Jaeggi, Rahel, Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 1900-2002
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