Planeamiento estratégico del espárrago en el Perú
Date
2017-10-30
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El cultivo del espárrago constituye una importante fuente generadora de trabajo y de
ingresos para el Perú. El crecimiento del sector esparraguero y su expansión comercial, desde
la década del 80, ha posicionado al país como el primer exportador mundial de espárragos.
En el 2015, se alcanzaron ventas por US$ 589 millones, equivalente al 37% de las
exportaciones mundiales de espárragos, lo cual contribuyó con el 1.8% de las exportaciones
totales del país. Además, ubicó a esta hortaliza entre los 10 principales productos de
exportación, participó con el 17.1% del valor bruto de la producción agrícola en los cinco
departamentos de la costa en donde se cultivó y su contribución al PBI nacional fue del
0.24%. A nivel de empleo, en cuatro de los cinco departamentos en los que se cultiva, el 26%
de la población ocupada estuvo en el sector agrícola; pues el espárrago peruano tiene la
ventaja de su producción durante todo el año y es muy apreciado por su calidad. Esto le
permite ingresar en el mercado americano y europeo y, recientemente, explorar el asiático;
espacios cuyas tendencias hacia el consumo de productos saludables, nutritivos y de muy
fácil preparación van en aumento. Sin embargo, hay desafíos por afrontar para consolidar el
posicionamiento mundial del espárrago peruano y evitar perder competitividad. Al respecto,
el sector agroexportador tiene déficit nacional en infraestructura, incremento en el costo de la
mano de obra, escasez de agua, impactos posibles como consecuencias del cambio climático,
y el Fenómeno El Niño. En el propio sector, está la renovación de cultivos, ampliación de
tierras, mejoramiento de semillas, plagas y aspectos fitosanitarios por mejorar. Por ello, es
importante el desarrollo de este plan estratégico, enfocado en asegurar, por los próximos 10
años, la posición privilegiada que tiene el esparrago peruano
The cultivation of asparagus represents an important means of job creation and income for Peru. The growth of the asparagus sector and its commercial expansion, since the eighties, has positioned the country as the top worldwide exporter of asparagus. In 2015, sales reached US$589 million, equivalent to 37 % of the worldwide asparagus exports, which contributed with 1.8 % of the aggregate exports of the country. Furthermore, it located this leaf vegetable among the 10 main export products; it participated with 17.1 % of the gross value of the agricultural produce in the five coastal regions where it was cultivated and its contribution to the national GDP was of 0.24 %. Regarding employment, in four of the five regions in which it is cultivated, 26 % of the employed population was in the agricultural sector; because the Peruvian asparagus has the advantage of its all year round production and it is appreciated for its quality. This allows it entering the American and European market and, recently, to explore the Asian market; markets whose tendencies toward the consumption of healthy, nutritious and ready to prepare produce are increasing. However, there are challenges to tackle in order to consolidate the worldwide positioning of the Peruvian asparagus in order to avoid losing competitiveness. On that subject, the agro-export sector has a national deficit in infrastructure, an increase in labor costs, scarcity of water, possible impacts such as consequences from climate change, and El Niño Phenomenon. And in its own sector, the renewal of the crops, the enlargement of lands, the improvement of the seeds, the plagues and phytosanitary aspects require improvement. Thus, the development of this strategic plan for the next 10 years is important; focused in assuring the privileged position that the Peruvian asparagus maintains
The cultivation of asparagus represents an important means of job creation and income for Peru. The growth of the asparagus sector and its commercial expansion, since the eighties, has positioned the country as the top worldwide exporter of asparagus. In 2015, sales reached US$589 million, equivalent to 37 % of the worldwide asparagus exports, which contributed with 1.8 % of the aggregate exports of the country. Furthermore, it located this leaf vegetable among the 10 main export products; it participated with 17.1 % of the gross value of the agricultural produce in the five coastal regions where it was cultivated and its contribution to the national GDP was of 0.24 %. Regarding employment, in four of the five regions in which it is cultivated, 26 % of the employed population was in the agricultural sector; because the Peruvian asparagus has the advantage of its all year round production and it is appreciated for its quality. This allows it entering the American and European market and, recently, to explore the Asian market; markets whose tendencies toward the consumption of healthy, nutritious and ready to prepare produce are increasing. However, there are challenges to tackle in order to consolidate the worldwide positioning of the Peruvian asparagus in order to avoid losing competitiveness. On that subject, the agro-export sector has a national deficit in infrastructure, an increase in labor costs, scarcity of water, possible impacts such as consequences from climate change, and El Niño Phenomenon. And in its own sector, the renewal of the crops, the enlargement of lands, the improvement of the seeds, the plagues and phytosanitary aspects require improvement. Thus, the development of this strategic plan for the next 10 years is important; focused in assuring the privileged position that the Peruvian asparagus maintains
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Keywords
Espárragos -- Industria y comercio -- Perú, Planificación estratégica
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