Revisión de indicadores psicométricos de las pruebas en español para evaluar conciencia fonológica
Date
2024-04-16
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación emerge de la necesidad de los especialistas en
Dificultades de Aprendizaje de contar con información sobre instrumentos válidos y
confiables que permitan evaluar el nivel de conciencia fonológica, por ser una habilidad
pre requisito del proceso de lectoescritura. Por esta razón, esta investigación pretende
describir los indicadores psicométricos de las pruebas en español que evalúen esta
habilidad con el fin de que la investigación sirva al especialista para elegir las pruebas
según los criterios óptimos. La investigación es cualitativa - descriptiva de tipo
documental, por lo cual, tras definir las variables, se realizó la búsqueda, recolección,
procesamiento y análisis de tareas de pruebas en español; es así que se obtuvo como
resultado una base de información. El análisis demuestra que existen diferentes
obstáculos para realizar una rápida y certera selección de las pruebas en español; a pesar
de ello, se obtuvo la información necesaria para responder al objetivo general. Tras
analizar uno a uno los indicadores psicométricos de las pruebas seleccionadas, los
resultados indican que existen más pruebas internacionales que nacionales, siendo, la más
actual publicada en el año 2020. Asimismo, acceder a la totalidad de la prueba implica
una inversión económica en la mayoría de estas, sumado a esto no todas evalúan todos
los niveles y tareas de la conciencia fonológica. En relación a la validez y confiabilidad
de las pruebas el análisis es parcial, ya que no todas las pruebas detallan esta información
lo cual limita el poder determinar su efectividad. Finalmente, se concluye que pocas
pruebas evalúan exclusiva y totalmente la conciencia fonológica.
This research emerges from the need of learning difficulties specialists to have valid and reliable instruments that allow them evaluating the level of phonological awareness, as a prerequisite skill of the literacy process. For this reason, this research aims to describe the psychometric indicators of the tests in Spanish that evaluate this ability in order to help the specialist choose tests according to the optimal criteria. The research is qualitative - descriptive of a documentary type, therefore, after defining the variables, the search, collection, processing and analysis of test tasks in Spanish was carried out; Thus, an information base was obtained as a result. The analysis shows that there are different obstacles to make a quick and accurate selection of the tests in Spanish; Despite this, the necessary information is obtained to respond to the general objective. After analyzing one by one the psychometric indicators of the selected tests, the results show that there are more international than national tests, in addition, the most current one was published in 2020. Likewise, accessing the entire test implies an economic investment in Most of these, in addition to this, not all of them evaluate all levels and tasks of phonological awareness. In relation to the validity and reliability of the tests, the analysis is partial since not all tests detail this information, which limits the ability to determine their effectiveness. Finally, it is concluded that few tests exclusively and fully assess phonological awareness.
This research emerges from the need of learning difficulties specialists to have valid and reliable instruments that allow them evaluating the level of phonological awareness, as a prerequisite skill of the literacy process. For this reason, this research aims to describe the psychometric indicators of the tests in Spanish that evaluate this ability in order to help the specialist choose tests according to the optimal criteria. The research is qualitative - descriptive of a documentary type, therefore, after defining the variables, the search, collection, processing and analysis of test tasks in Spanish was carried out; Thus, an information base was obtained as a result. The analysis shows that there are different obstacles to make a quick and accurate selection of the tests in Spanish; Despite this, the necessary information is obtained to respond to the general objective. After analyzing one by one the psychometric indicators of the selected tests, the results show that there are more international than national tests, in addition, the most current one was published in 2020. Likewise, accessing the entire test implies an economic investment in Most of these, in addition to this, not all of them evaluate all levels and tasks of phonological awareness. In relation to the validity and reliability of the tests, the analysis is partial since not all tests detail this information, which limits the ability to determine their effectiveness. Finally, it is concluded that few tests exclusively and fully assess phonological awareness.
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Keywords
Fonología, Mediciones y pruebas educativas, Pruebas psicológicas, Psicometría (Psicología)
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