Después de rechazar el oro: El impacto de la memoria colectiva en el tejido cívico del caso de resistencia minera de Tambogrande
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el contexto de conflictos mineros en Latinoamérica, la presente investigación
se propuso comprender qué ocurre en el tejido cívico luego de una oposición exitosa
hacia una mina trasnacional. De esta forma, se estudió, veinte años después, el
emblemático caso de Tambogrande. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, basado
principalmente en entrevistas, grupos focales y observación participante, se identificó
que la memoria ha sido campo de disputas políticas y reproductora del conformismo
social. Los hallazgos muestran que: i) tras la victoria, con el retiro de ONGs, la
desarticulación de organizaciones base y pocas políticas públicas a favor del agro, la
participación cívica disminuyó y la estructura organizativa se desmovilizó; ii) la victoria
fue capitalizada políticamente desde la identidad agrícola, lo que permitió cautela para
evitar concesiones mineras, pero limitó el relevo generacional y aumentó rivalidades
entre líderes; iii) factores estructurales y coyunturales limitaron la capacidad de
institucionalizar y expandir la memoria de la resistencia, y los artefactos restantes no
forman parte de los recursos morales y emocionales de la población en general; iv) la
memoria del conflicto minero guarda arraigo territorial para los líderes en un clima
afectivo marcado por el orgullo, la desilusión y la desconfianza.
In the context of mining conflicts in Latin America, this research aimed to understand what happens within the civic fabric after a successful opposition to a transnational mine. Twenty years later, the emblematic case of Tambogrande was studied. Using a qualitative approach, based primarily on interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, it was identified that memory has been a field of political dispute and a reproducer of social conformism. The findings show that: i) after the victory, with the withdrawal of NGOs, the dismantling of grassroots organizations, and few public policies in favor of agriculture, civic participation declined and the organizational structure demobilized; ii) the victory was politically capitalized on the basis of agricultural identity, which allowed for caution in avoiding mining concessions, but limited generational change and increased rivalries between leaders; iii) structural and circumstantial factors limited the capacity to institutionalize and expand the memory of the resistance, and the remaining artifacts are not part of the moral and emotional resources of the general population. iv) the memory of the mining conflict remains deeply rooted in the leaders' territory in an emotional climate marked by pride, disillusionment and distrust.
In the context of mining conflicts in Latin America, this research aimed to understand what happens within the civic fabric after a successful opposition to a transnational mine. Twenty years later, the emblematic case of Tambogrande was studied. Using a qualitative approach, based primarily on interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, it was identified that memory has been a field of political dispute and a reproducer of social conformism. The findings show that: i) after the victory, with the withdrawal of NGOs, the dismantling of grassroots organizations, and few public policies in favor of agriculture, civic participation declined and the organizational structure demobilized; ii) the victory was politically capitalized on the basis of agricultural identity, which allowed for caution in avoiding mining concessions, but limited generational change and increased rivalries between leaders; iii) structural and circumstantial factors limited the capacity to institutionalize and expand the memory of the resistance, and the remaining artifacts are not part of the moral and emotional resources of the general population. iv) the memory of the mining conflict remains deeply rooted in the leaders' territory in an emotional climate marked by pride, disillusionment and distrust.
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Memoria colectiva--Perú--Tambogrande (Piura : Distrito), Industria minera--Conflictos sociales--Perú--Tambogrande (Piura : Distrito), Ciudadanía--Perú--Tambogrande (Piura : Distrito)
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