Informe Jurídico de la Resolución N° 1578-2022/SPCINDECOPI: el alcance del deber de idoneidad frente a fallos en los servicios de juegos de azar digitales
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe analiza el alcance del deber de idoneidad establecido en el
artículo 19° del Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor, en el marco de
los servicios de apuestas deportivas. El estudio parte de la buena fe objetiva
como estándar de conducta que permite evaluar si las expectativas del
consumidor son legítimas y exigibles, particularmente frente a errores técnicos
involuntarios que generan premios notoriamente desproporcionados.
Se sostiene que la idoneidad del servicio no puede entenderse de forma aislada
de la conducta esperada del consumidor, quien debe actuar con un mínimo de
diligencia y honestidad. Cuando este pretende beneficiarse de un error evidente,
no se configura una expectativa protegible. En estos supuestos, la negativa del
proveedor a entregar el premio no representa un incumplimiento, sino una
actuación conforme al límite natural del deber de idoneidad.
Asimismo, se incorpora el principio de prohibición del abuso del derecho,
entendiendo que pretender exigir el cumplimiento de una prestación claramente
desproporcionada, basada en un error evidente, constituye un uso distorsionado
del régimen de protección al consumidor. Ello resulta incompatible con la
finalidad misma del sistema, que busca corregir asimetrías estructurales en favor
del consumidor vulnerable, no generar beneficios injustificados
El análisis del caso resuelto mediante la Resolución N.° 1578-2022/SPCINDECOPI
permite ilustrar cómo, ante un error evidente, corresponde excluir la
tutela de expectativas que resultan incompatibles con los principios inherentes al
sistema.
This report analyzes the scope of the duty of fitness established in Article 19 of the Consumer Protection and Defense Code in the context of sports betting services. The analysis is based on the concept of objective good faith as a standard of conduct, which allows for assessing whether the consumer’s expectations are legitimate and enforceable, particularly in cases involving involuntary technical errors that result in disproportionately high winnings. It argues that the fitness of the service cannot be understood apart from the expected conduct of the consumer, who must act with a minimum level of diligence and honesty. When the consumer seeks to benefit from an evident error, the expectation is not legally protected. In such cases, the provider’s refusal to award the prize does not represent a breach but rather reflects the natural limits of the duty of fitness. The principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is also incorporated, considering that claiming a clearly disproportionate benefit based on an evident error distorts the purpose of the consumer protection regime. Such claims are incompatible with the system’s objective of correcting structural asymmetries in favor of vulnerable consumers, not of granting unjustified advantages. The analysis of Resolution No. 1578-2022/SPC-INDECOPI illustrates that, in cases of evident error, the legal system must exclude the protection of expectations that contradict the core principles of consumer protection law.
This report analyzes the scope of the duty of fitness established in Article 19 of the Consumer Protection and Defense Code in the context of sports betting services. The analysis is based on the concept of objective good faith as a standard of conduct, which allows for assessing whether the consumer’s expectations are legitimate and enforceable, particularly in cases involving involuntary technical errors that result in disproportionately high winnings. It argues that the fitness of the service cannot be understood apart from the expected conduct of the consumer, who must act with a minimum level of diligence and honesty. When the consumer seeks to benefit from an evident error, the expectation is not legally protected. In such cases, the provider’s refusal to award the prize does not represent a breach but rather reflects the natural limits of the duty of fitness. The principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is also incorporated, considering that claiming a clearly disproportionate benefit based on an evident error distorts the purpose of the consumer protection regime. Such claims are incompatible with the system’s objective of correcting structural asymmetries in favor of vulnerable consumers, not of granting unjustified advantages. The analysis of Resolution No. 1578-2022/SPC-INDECOPI illustrates that, in cases of evident error, the legal system must exclude the protection of expectations that contradict the core principles of consumer protection law.
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Protección del consumidor--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Juegos de azar, Buena fe (Derecho)--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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