Impacto del Programa Juntos en el bienestar monetario de la población no pobre vulnerable durante los años 2018-2019
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Date
2025-01-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La población no pobre vulnerable es aquel grupo no pobre monetario que enfrenta un
alto riesgo de caer en pobreza. Durante 2014-2019, según el INEI, representan no
menos del 34% de la población total del Perú. Sin embargo, en el Perú no se ha
estudiado el impacto de programas sociales sobre esta población, ya que suelen estar
dirigidos a población exclusivamente pobre. El objetivo del presente estudio es
analizar la relación entre el “Programa Nacional de Apoyo Directo a los más Pobres -
JUNTOS” y el bienestar monetario de la población no pobre vulnerable beneficiaria.
En específico, determinamos el impacto del Programa Juntos en el gasto per cápita
de la población no pobre vulnerable durante 2018-2019. Usando datos de panel de la
Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, se empleó el método de emparejamiento de
propensity score matching y se estimó el efecto promedio del tratamiento sobre los
tratados (ATT) mediante diferencias en diferencias. El resultado principal es que, en
términos relativos, el impacto es negativo y significativo: quienes recibieron el
programa incrementaron su gasto entre 4.1% y 7.5% menos de lo que lo
incrementaron quienes no recibieron el programa. En términos absolutos, el impacto
es de entre 26.3 y 32 soles. Además, los efectos son más significativos en la población
rural; y el grupo de gasto más afectado negativamente por el programa es el de
alimentación. La estimación de las posibles vías de impacto del programa – aumento
del ahorro y/o reducción de las horas de trabajo – no ha sido estadísticamente
significativa.
The non-poor vulnerable population is the group that, while not classified as poor by monetary standards, faces a high risk of falling into poverty. Between 2014 and 2019, according to INEI data, this group accounted for no less than 34% of Peru’s total population. However, in Peru, the impact of social programs on this population has not been studied, as such programs are typically targeted exclusively at the poor. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the “National Program of Direct Support to the Poorest - JUNTOS” and the monetary well-being of non-poor vulnerable beneficiaries. Specifically, we determine the impact of the Juntos Program on the per capita expenditure of the non-poor vulnerable population during 2018-2019. Using panel data from the National Household Survey during this period, the study employed propensity score matching and estimated the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) using a difference-in-differences approach. The main finding is that, in relative terms, the impact of the Juntos Program on the monetary well-being of the non-poor vulnerable population is negative and significant during 2018-2019: those who received the program increased their spending by 4.1% to 7.5% less than those who did not. In absolute terms, the impact ranges from 26.3 to 32 soles. Additionally, the effects are more significant in rural areas than in urban ones, and the expenditure category most negatively affected by the program is food. The estimation of possible impact channels – increased savings and/or reduced working hours – was not statistically significant.
The non-poor vulnerable population is the group that, while not classified as poor by monetary standards, faces a high risk of falling into poverty. Between 2014 and 2019, according to INEI data, this group accounted for no less than 34% of Peru’s total population. However, in Peru, the impact of social programs on this population has not been studied, as such programs are typically targeted exclusively at the poor. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the “National Program of Direct Support to the Poorest - JUNTOS” and the monetary well-being of non-poor vulnerable beneficiaries. Specifically, we determine the impact of the Juntos Program on the per capita expenditure of the non-poor vulnerable population during 2018-2019. Using panel data from the National Household Survey during this period, the study employed propensity score matching and estimated the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) using a difference-in-differences approach. The main finding is that, in relative terms, the impact of the Juntos Program on the monetary well-being of the non-poor vulnerable population is negative and significant during 2018-2019: those who received the program increased their spending by 4.1% to 7.5% less than those who did not. In absolute terms, the impact ranges from 26.3 to 32 soles. Additionally, the effects are more significant in rural areas than in urban ones, and the expenditure category most negatively affected by the program is food. The estimation of possible impact channels – increased savings and/or reduced working hours – was not statistically significant.
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Keywords
Pobreza--Aspectos sociales--Perú, Programas sociales--Perú, Política social--Perú
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